<abstract>

Abstract

Summarized description of the content of a document or document component.

Remarks

This model is intended to be flexible enough for an author to meet any publisherʼs requirements. Most journal publishers request an abstract that is a very short summary of the major findings or conclusions of an article and limit this abstract to a paragraph or two. But some publishers require “long” or “summary” abstracts in which each section of the paper is summarized in a separate abstract section that has the same title as the article section being summarized. Such abstracts may be extensive, incorporating figures and tables.

The @abstract-type attribute may be used to identify special types of abstracts required by some publishers, for example, graphical abstracts, stereochemical abstracts, ASCII abstracts for sending to small devices, and Table-of-Contents abstracts that are so short they are inserted as annotations into a Table of Contents. See the attribute page for @abstract-type for a more complete list of types. If the abstract is not one of the types listed, the @abstract-type attribute should not be used.

Accessibility: For accessibility purposes, it is useful to provide a very short synopsis abstract (much like a Table of Contents blurb or a dek in some journals) whose purpose is to tell a non-sighted reader what the document is about. This abstract can be given the @abstract-type such as “meta-description”, “description”, or “dc:description” to indicate that, when making web pages from this XML, the abstract should be used to create the XHTML™ metadata description.

Attributes

abstract-type Type of Abstract
id Identifier
specific-use Specific Use
xml:lang Language

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  abstract     %abstract-model;                             >

Expanded Content Model

(title?, p*, sec*)

Description

The following, in order:

This element may be contained in:

<article-meta>

Example 1

A typical abstract:

               
<article>
<front>
<article-meta>
...
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2000, The National Academy of
Sciences</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>We describe a method for cloning nucleic acid molecules onto the
surfaces of 5-&#x03BC;m microbeads rather than in biological hosts. A
unique tag sequence is attached to each molecule, and the tagged
library is amplified. Unique tagging of the molecules is achieved by
sampling a small fraction (1&#x0025;) of a very large repertoire of
tag sequences. The resulting library is hybridized to microbeads that
each carry &#x2248;10<sup>6</sup> strands complementary to one of the
tags. About 10<sup>5</sup> copies of each molecule are collected on
each microbead. ...</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
...
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
...
</article>


            

Example 2

An abstract with summarized sections:

               
<article>
<front>
<article-meta>
...
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 1999, British
Medical Journal</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec>
<title>Objective</title>
<p>To examine the effectiveness of
day hospital attendance in prolonging independent living for elderly
people.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Design</title>
<p>Systematic review of 12 controlled clinical trials (available
by January 1997) comparing day hospital care with
comprehensive care (five trials), domiciliary care (four trials),
or no comprehensive care (three trials).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Subjects</title>
<p>2867 elderly people.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Main outcome measures</title>
<p>Death, institutionalisation, disability, global &#x201C;poor
outcome,&#x201D; and use of resources.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Overall, there was no significant difference between day hospitals and
alternative services ...</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Day hospital care seems to be an effective service for elderly
people ...</p>
<p><boxed-text position="float">
<sec><title>Key messages</title>
<p>...</p>
</sec>
</boxed-text></p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
...
</article>


            

Module

JATS-articlemeta0.ent