A multi-language citation must be tagged as one citation so that it will be seen as a
single citation by citation services and referenced as one from within the document.
Therefore, within a single citation, this Tag Set allows components in more than one
language. A study of multi-language citations showed that some publishers cluster all the
elements of one language together, some intersperse single-language clusters, and some
alternate languages (source in English followed by source in Japanese). To handle this
degree of variety, the @xml:lang attribute
may be used freely on the elements within a citation to mark those as a language other
than the primary language of the document
Best Practice:
- A contributor name in more than one language should be placed inside a
<name-alternatives> grouping element.
This ensures that one author does not get cited multiple times for a single work.
All the named alternatives in such a grouping represent the same author.
- An <article-title> in more than one
language may either use the <trans-title>
element for the second title, or use the element <article-title> for both with an @xml:lang attribute. (Note:
The element <trans-title> was
preserved for backwards compatibility purposes.)
- A <source> in more than one language
may either use the <trans-source> element
for the second source, or use the element <source> for both with an @xml:lang attribute. (Note: The element
<trans-source> was preserved for
backwards compatibility purposes.)
- Other elements within a citation that are present in more than one language may
use the @xml:lang attribute on each
element to mark the language or just mark those in the second (and all subsequent)
languages.