Numerical, 4-digit year.
Usage: In addition to being used for the year of publication, year is also used to record “historical” events in a publishing cycle occurred, for example, the year the document was accepted or last updated.
The <year> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the article itself, and as part of a description of a cited work inside a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>).
Best Practice: When possible, the year should be expressed as a 4-digit number, for example, “1776”, “1924”, or “0042”.
Related Essay: For a discussion on the use of <year>, see Dates in Citations.
<!ELEMENT year (#PCDATA) >
Text, numbers, or special characters
<access-date>, <conf-date>, <date>, <date-in-citation>, <element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <nlm-citation>, <product>, <pub-date>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <string-date>
In article metadata:
...
<article-meta>
...
<author-notes>...</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>27</day> <month>03</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>318</volume> <issue>7187</issue>
<fpage>837</fpage> <lpage>841</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>29</day> <month>01</month>
<year>1999</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>...</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<abstract>...</abstract>
...
</article-meta>
...
In an element-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<element-citation>
<person-group>
<name><surname>Weissert</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Wan</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care services
for the chronically ill: a randomized experiment</article-title>
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>567</fpage>
<lpage>584</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
In a mixed-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<mixed-citation>
<string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
<given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Wan</surname>,
<given-names>T</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
<given-names>B</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Katz</surname>,
<given-names>S</given-names></string-name>.
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care services
for the chronically ill: a randomized experiment</article-title>.
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year>1980</year>;
<volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>567</fpage>–
<lpage>584</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
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