This Tag Set provides several elements related to still graphical images. The primary ones are:
A <fig> is an object that (usually) contains an image; <graphic> and <inline-graphic> represent the image.
Used when the image should appear inline with surrounding text and there is no additional information associated with the graphic. A typical inline graphic might be a logo or a special math or chemistry symbol. (Best Practice: If the image represents a special private character, the <private-char> element should be used instead.) |
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When there is an image in an article that has no associated information (title, caption, figure number, etc.), a <graphic> should be used rather than a <fig>. A <graphic> not inside a figure or table can contain several sub-elements, including <alt-text> and <long-desc>, which are especially important to enable access for visually-impaired users. |
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Used when the image has associated information, typically a figure number or caption. Some publishers consider the presence of a figure number definitive for a Figure (<fig>); others depend more on whether the image is to be listed in a List of Figures. Usually the two criteria match up, but there may be exceptions where numbered figures do not appear in the list, or vice-versa. Many figures contain one or more graphics (<graphic>), but they may also contain a variety of display objects: formulas, chemical structures, poetry, tables, media objects, lists of material, simple paragraphs, or a mixture of these items and one or more graphics. |
In common with other block-level display objects, figures and graphics may take the @position attribute, which is used to indicate where the figure should be positioned. The values for this attribute are slightly overloaded, as two values indicate the position of the object (such as a graphic) in relation to the text:
anchor |
Object should appear exactly where is found in the narrative flow. |
float |
Object should appear near its position in the narrative flow, but it may float to the top of a page or column, or into another window. |
and two indicate the relationship between the object (such as a graphic) and the page:
background |
Object, typically a decorative graphic, should appear behind the narrative with both visible and the narrative legible. Accessibility: Best practice is to mark all purely decorative graphics with an empty @alt attribute, so that screen readers and other accessibility devices know that they may be ignored. |
margin |
Object should appear beside the text that contains it in the narrative flow, as though it were in the margin of a printed page. Accessibility: Best practice is to mark all purely decorative graphics with an empty @alt attribute, so that screen readers and other accessibility devices know that they may be ignored. |
Here is a figure with three graphics inside. The figure has a title that applies to all the graphics. Each graphic has a separate caption (optional structure).
<fig id="fg-012"> <caption><title>Three Perspectives on My Dog</title></caption> <graphic xlink:href="frontView.png"> <caption><p>View A: From the Front, Laughing</p></caption> </graphic> <graphic xlink:href="sideView.png"> <caption><p>View B: From the Side, Best Profile</p></caption> </graphic> <graphic xlink:href="motionView.png"> <caption><p>View C: In Motion, A Blur on Feet</p></caption> </graphic> </fig>
Here is a figure that contains no graphics at all, but encloses some bulleted items.
<fig id="fg-012"> <caption><title>Show and Tell Order</title></caption> <list list-type="order" prefix-word="Test"> <list-item><p>Poodle</p></list-item> <list-item><p>Persian Cat</p></list-item> <list-item><label>3.</label><p>Weaver Finches</p></list-item> <list-item><label>4.</label><p>Gecko</p></list-item> </list> </fig>
Design Note: Several other elements are also used for other types of display objects. See the specific elements for more information: <alternatives>, <boxed-text>, <chem-struct-wrap>, <disp-formula>, <disp-formula-group>, <media>, <preformat>, <private-char>, <supplementary-material>, and <table-wrap>.