Numerical, 4-digit year.
Usage: In addition to being used for the year of publication, the <year> is also used to record “historical” events in the publishing cycle (<pub-history>), for example, the year the document was released as a preprint or last revised.
The <year> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the book or book part, and as part of a description of a cited work inside a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>).
Best Practice: When possible, the year should be expressed as a 4-digit number, for example, “1776”, “1924”, or “2012”.
Related Essay: For a discussion on the use of <year>, see Dates in Citations.
<!ELEMENT year (#PCDATA) >
Text, numbers, or special characters
<conf-date>, <date>, <date-in-citation>, <element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <product>, <pub-date>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <std>, <string-date>
In metadata:
...
<book-meta>
...
<pub-date date-type="publication"
publication-format="electronic"
iso-8601-date="1998-09-17">
<day>17</day><month>09</month>
<year>1998</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="publication"
publication-format="print"
iso-8601-date="1998-11-09">
<year>1998</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-history>
<date date-type="received"
publication-format="manuscript"
iso-8601-date="1998-01-05">
<day>05</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>1998</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-request"
iso-8601-date="1998-03-14">
<day>14</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1998</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-received"
iso-8601-date="1998-05-24">
<day>24</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>1998</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted"
iso-8601-date="1998-06-06">
<day>06</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>1998</year></date>
</pub-history>
...
</book-meta>
...
In an element-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<element-citation>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Weissert</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
services for the chronically ill: a randomized
experiment</article-title>
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>567</fpage>
<lpage>584</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
</book-back>
...
In a mixed-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<mixed-citation>
<string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
<given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
<given-names>B</given-names>
</string-name>.
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
services for the chronically ill: a randomized
experiment</article-title>. <source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>;<volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>567</fpage>–<lpage>584</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
</book-back>
...
JATS-common1.ent