Remarks

Best Practice: When it is present, this container element should take the @id that is used to tie contributors to affiliations rather than putting an @id on the individual affiliations (<aff>s) within the container.

Usage: The <aff-alternatives> element is intended to collect multiple versions of a single affiliation without appearing to multiply the number of affiliations. (Three versions of a university is not the same as three different universities.) Like the similar construction for graphics <alternatives>, it will be up to an application how multiple versions of a single affiliation are to be processed. The @xml:lang attributes can be used to distinguish the different affiliations for separate processing.

The <aff-alternatives> element can be used to record:

• The name of an affiliation in multiple languages (For example, a university name in Korean or Chinese-Han characters and a transliterated version of the same name in the Latin alphabet);
• The name of an affiliation in multiple language/script combinations (For example, a university name in Japanese [xml:lang="ja-Jpan" for Han + Hiragana + Katakana], the same university name written in Kanji [xml:lang="ja-Hani", and written again in Latin alphabet]);
• An alternate affiliation for sorting or searching, for example, a name in French with accented letters ([such as an “é”) and a plain-letter lower-ASCII version of the same name with “é” replaced by “e” for sorting. The @specific-use attribute can be used to indicate that the ASCII version is only for “sort”, not for display.); or
• An alternate name indexing (For example, an XML database may need to record all the name variants found for an individual from “President Thomas Jefferson” to “Long Tom”, with @specific-use used to mark “primary” and “index”.).

<!ELEMENT  aff-alternatives
                        %aff-alternatives-model;                     >

               
... 
<article-meta>
<title-group>...</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib rid="aff1">
<name><surname>Smythe-Barring</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
<aff-alternatives>
<aff id="aff1"> 
<institution xml:lang="ja-Jpan">国立言語学博物館</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff-en">
<institution xml:lang="en">National Museum of 
 Linguistics</institution>
</aff>
</aff-alternatives>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>...
</article-meta>
...