Container element for the subject matter designations describing a document’s content or a component document’s content. Subjects are used to organize documents into groupings (potentially hierarchical groupings) for display or print.
Subjects (and groupings of subjects) are used, typically, to provide headings for groups of documents or document components in a printed, or online, generated Table of Contents or splash page.
For some journals, articles are grouped into categories which this Tag Set calls <subject>s, which may be grouped into <subj-group>s. These subject categories are typically shown in the Table of Contents, at the top of the first print or display page, or on the web splash page for an article. Sometimes the grouping or category refers to the type of article, such as “Essay”, “Commentary”, “Obituary”, “Award”, or “Article”. Sometimes the grouping refers to subject areas, such as “Physical Sciences”, “Biological Sciences”, or “Social Sciences”. Sometimes the grouping refers to topics within the larger subject areas, such as “Applied Math”, “Biology”, or “Chemistry”. For example, a one-level grouping might be:
<subj-group>
<subject>Retraction</subject>
</subj-group>
or, as another example:
<subj-group>
<subject>Essay</subject>
</subj-group>And a four-level grouping might be:
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Biological Sciences</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Neuroscience</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Cellular and Molecular Biology</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Blood–brain barrier</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>Articles may also be assigned to more than one grouping. For example, if an article is classified as “Biochemistry” under “Biological Sciences” and “Chemistry” under “Physical Sciences”, the <subj-group> container element may repeat. For example:
<subj-group>
<subject>Articles</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Biological Sciences</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Biochemistry</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Physical Sciences</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Chemistry</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<!ELEMENT subj-group %subj-group-model; >
((subject | compound-subject)+, subj-group*)
Article categories that are very like keywords:
...
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>ISO/TC 43</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>SC 1, Noise</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
...
...
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>ISO/TC 108</subject>
<subject>SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration
and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
...
...
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="kwd">
<subject content-type="neurosci">Cellular and Molecular
Biology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject content-type="neurosci">Blood–brain
barrier</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
...
Categories for Table of Contents grouping:
...
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading">
<subject>ARTICLES</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Structural, Mechanical, Thermodynamic, and Optical
Properties of Condensed Matter</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
...
A single article may belong to many subject groups:
<article dtd-version="1.1d1"> <front> <journal-meta>...</journal-meta> <article-meta> ... <article-id pub-id-type="pmid">11274384</article-id> <article-categories> <subj-group> <subject>Physical Sciences</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Chemistry</subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> <subj-group> <subject>Biological Sciences</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Biophysics</subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> </article-categories> <title-group>...</title-group> ... </article-meta> </front> <body>...</body> <back>...</back> </article>
...
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Departments</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Federal Court Decisions</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Supreme Court Opinions</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Criminal Procedure</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Vehicle Passenger Rights: <italic>Brendlin v.
California</italic></subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>4th Circuit Decisions</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Habeas Corpus</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Detaining U.S. Residents: <italic>Al-Marri v.
Wright</italic></subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Federal Law</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Changes to FISA Surveillance: Protect America Act of
2007</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Ethical Guidelines</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Protecting Client Confidences</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Potential for Identity Theft in Pleadings and
Filings</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Drivers License Numbers</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Social Security Numbers</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
...
JATS-articlemeta1.ent