Remarks

The <name-alternatives> element is intended to collect multiple versions of a single name without appearing to multiply the number of names. (Three versions of a name is not the same as three different contributors.) Like the similar construction for graphics <alternatives>, it will be up to an application how multiple versions of a single name are to be processed. The @specific-use, @content-type, and @xml:lang attributes can be used to distinguish the cases for separate processing.

Usage: The <name-alternatives> element can be used to record:

• A name in multiple languages (For example, a name in Korean or Chinese-Han characters and a transliterated version of the same name in the Latin alphabet);
• A name in multiple language/script combinations (For example, a name in Japanese [xml:lang="ja-Jpan" for Han + Hiragana + Katakana] and the same name written in Kanji [xml:lang="ja-Hani"]);
• An alternate name for sorting or searching (For example, a name in French with accented letters [such as an “é”] and a plain-letter lower-ASCII version of the same name with “é” replaced by “e” for sorting. The @specific-use attribute can be used to indicate that the ASCII version is only for “ sort ”, not for display.);
• An alternate name indexing (For example, an XML database may need to record all the name variants found for an individual from “President Thomas Jefferson” to “Long Tom”, with @specific-use used to mark “ primary ” and “ index ”.); or
• Both validated and known-to-be-incorrect names (For example, in the PubMed DTD, there is an attribute called “ ValidYN ” [valid yes or no], that can be used to record the fact that one version of a name was received, found to be in error and corrected. Only the corrected version should be displayed, but both name variants might be used for searching.).

ID Attribute: The names inside a <name-alternatives> do not take a unique identifier because they are all the same name. This Tag Set assumes that any necessary unique identifier will be placed on the enclosing element (such as the <contrib> element or the <principal-investigator> element) that contains the name alternatives.

String Name: Both <name> and <string-name> are allowed inside <name-alternatives>. Within a <name-alternatives> grouping, the element <string-name> can be used to hold an undifferentiated transliteration (that is, one not tagged with specific name elements such as <surname>) or a search-specific name.

Best Practice: For this Tag Set, the <string-name> within a <name-alternatives> should not be used for the primary name. The primary name should be tagged with a <name> element.

<!ELEMENT  name-alternatives
                        %name-alternatives-model;                    >

               
... 
<article-meta>
<title-group>...</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan">
<surname>中西</surname>
<given-names>秀彦</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
<surname>Nakanishi</surname>
<given-names>Hidehiko</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Kana">
<surname>ナカニシ</surname>
<given-names>ヒデヒコ</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
 <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">&ast;&ast;</xref>
 </contrib>
 <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
 <aff id="aff-ja">
 <institution xml:lang="ja-Jpan">国立言語学博物館</institution>
 </aff>
 <aff id="aff-en">
 <institution xml:lang="en">National Museum of 
  Linguistics</institution>
 </aff>
 </aff-alternatives>
 </contrib-group>
...
</article-meta>
...
 


            

               
...
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name specific-use="primary" name-style="western">
<surname>Stoe&szlig;el</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names></name>
<name specific-use="index" name-style="western">
<surname>Stoessel</surname>
<given-names>Helen</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives> 
</contrib>...
 


            

               
...
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name><surname>Smyth</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
<name specific-use="invalid">
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives> 
</contrib>...