Element: Name Alternatives

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Draft Version 1.1d1

Container element for more than one version of a personal name, the element <name> (for example, the name written in both Japanese Kana characters and the Latin alphabet).

The <name-alternatives> element is intended to collect multiple versions of a single name without appearing to multiply the number of names. (Three versions of a name is not the same as three different contributors.) Like the similar construction for graphics <alternatives>, it will be up to an application how multiple versions of a single name are to be processed. The @specific-use, @content-type, and @xml:lang attributes can be used to distinguish the cases for separate processing.

Usage: The <name-alternatives> element can be used to record:

A name in multiple languages (For example, a name in Korean or Chinese-Han characters and a transliterated version of the same name in the Latin alphabet);
A name in multiple language/script combinations (For example, a name in Japanese [xml:lang="ja-Jpan" for Han + Hiragana + Katakana] and the same name written in Kanji [xml:lang="ja-Hani"]);
An alternate name for sorting or searching (For example, a name in French with accented letters [such as an “é”] and a plain-letter lower-ASCII version of the same name with “é” replaced by “e” for sorting. The @specific-use attribute can be used to indicate that the ASCII version is only for “sort”, not for display.);
An alternate name indexing (For example, an XML database may need to record all the name variants found for an individual from “President Thomas Jefferson” to “Long Tom”, with @specific-use used to mark “primary” and “index”.); or
Both validated and known-to-be-incorrect names. (For example, in the PubMed DTD, there is an attribute called “ValidYN” [valid yes or no], that can be used to record the fact that one version of a name was received, found to be in error and corrected. Only the corrected version should be displayed, but both name variants might be used for searching.)

ID Attribute: The names inside a <name-alternatives> do not take a unique identifier because they are all the same name. This Tag Set assumes that any necessary unique identifier will be placed on the enclosing element (such as the <contrib> element or the <principal-investigator> element) that contains the name alternatives.

String Name: Both <name> and <string-name> are allowed inside <name-alternatives>. Within a <name-alternatives> grouping, the element <string-name> can be used to hold an undifferentiated transliteration (one not tagged with specific name elements such as <surname>) or a search-specific name.

Best Practice: For this Tag Set, the <string-name> within a <name-alternatives> should not be used for the primary name. The primary name should be tagged with a <name> element.

<!ELEMENT  name-alternatives
                        %name-alternatives-model;                    >

((name | string-name)+)

Any one of:

One or more of any of:
- <name> Name of Person
- <string-name> Name of Person (Unstructured)

A name given in two forms:


...  
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western"><surname>Chu</surname>
<given-names>J. H.</given-names></name>
<string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">褚君浩</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
...

In article metadata, to provide alternative names:


...
<article-meta>
...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name>
<string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">张轶泼</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">a)</xref>
</contrib>
  
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western"><surname>Isobe</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names></name>
<string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">磯部光孝</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
  
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yi</given-names></name>
<string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">刘仪</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="a1">...</aff>
<aff id="a2">...</aff>
<author-notes id="n1">...</author-notes>
...
</article-meta>
...

The name of a contributor given in two languages (one given in two scripts):

... 
<article-meta>
<title-group>...</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan">
<surname>中西</surname>
<given-names>秀彦</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
<surname>Nakanishi</surname>
<given-names>Hidehiko</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Kana">
<surname>ナカニシ</surname>
<given-names>ヒデヒコ</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">&ast;&ast;</xref>
</contrib>
<aff-alternatives id="aff2">
<aff id="aff-ja">
<institution xml:lang="ja-Jpan">国立言語学博物館</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff-en">
<institution xml:lang="en">National Museum of Linguistics</institution>
</aff>
</aff-alternatives>
</contrib-group>
...
</article-meta>
...

The correct name given with an sz ligature, with an alternate name for indexing:

...
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name specific-use="primary" name-style="western">
<surname>Stoe&szlig;el</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names></name>
<name specific-use="index" name-style="western">
<surname>Stoessel</surname>
<given-names>Helen</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
</contrib>
...

Preserving both incorrect (as delivered) and as-corrected names:

...
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name><surname>Smyth</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names></name>
<name specific-use="invalid">
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
</contrib>
...

JATS-common1.ent

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Draft Version 1.1d1

<name-alternatives>

Name Alternatives

Remarks

Attributes

id Document Internal Identifier

xml:base Base

Content Model

Expanded Content Model

Description

This element may be contained in:

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Module

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Draft Version 1.1d1

Version of December 2013

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Draft Version 1.1d1

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) National Library of Medicine (NLM)

<name-alternatives>

Name Alternatives

Remarks

Attributes

id Document Internal Identifier

xml:base Base

Content Model

Expanded Content Model

Description

This element may be contained in:

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Module

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Draft Version 1.1d1

Version of December 2013

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
National Library of Medicine (NLM)