<fpage>8</fpage>
   <lpage>40</lpage>
   <page-range>8-11, 14-19, 40</page-range>
   

Related Elements

A number of elements in the Suite relate to page numbers:

• <fpage> names the page number on which a work begins;
• <lpage> names the page number on which a work ends (which should be the same page number or a number larger than the starting page number);
• <elocation-id> replaces the start and end page elements just described for electronic-only publications;
• <page-range> records discontinuous page ranges; and
• <page-count> holds the total page count, if the publisher has provided one. Typically this element records what the publisher said and makes no validity claim. The element <page-count> should be used only in metadata. The citation elements (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>) use the element <size> to tag the total page count of a cited work. (Historical Note: The deprecated <nlm-citation> still uses the <page-count> element.)

Best Practice: The <page-range> is intended to record supplementary information and should not be used in the place of the <fpage> and <lpage> elements, which are typically needed for citation matching. The <page-range> element is merely a text string, containing such material as “8-11, 14-19, 40”, which would mean that the document began on page 8, ran through 11, skipped to page 14, ran through 19, and concluded on page 40.

<!ELEMENT  page-range   (#PCDATA)                                    >

...
<article-meta>
...
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<page-range>100-101, 105, 107-120</page-range>
...
</article-meta>
...