Container element for the parts of a single calendar date.
Usage: A <date> element may contain date components such as <day>, <month>, and <year> (which are typically given numeric values), as well as non-numeric elements such as <season> (which is a text string).
When used within citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), this element names the publication date of the cited source. When used as part of <history>, this element holds one of the publication history dates that may be preserved for an article, such as when it was received or when it was accepted.
Related Essay: For a discussion on the use of <date>, see Dates in Citations.
Best Practice: It is best practice to tag individual date elements (such as <year>) whenever possible. Use <string-date> for the narrative form of a date when necessary, for example, when a date has no month or year specified. However, even inside a <string-date> the named date components, such as <year>, can even be specified.
The Archiving and Interchange Tag Set allows <string-date> both inside <date> and at the same level as <date>. This is the most flexible for allowing the archive to preserve any publisher’s structure. The tighter Tag Sets created from the base Suite may choose to use one or the other in preference.
<!ELEMENT date %date-model; >
(((day?, month?) | season)?, year?, era?, string-date?)
The following, in order:
<element-citation>, <history>, <mixed-citation>, <product>, <related-article>, <related-object>
Date approved:
...
<article-meta>
...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<collab collab-type="committee">Technical Committee ISO/TC 108,
Subcommittee SC 2</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<fpage seq="1">1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="approved"
iso-8601-date="2012-06-01">
<day>01</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
...
</article-meta>
...
Date accepted:
...
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">...</article-id>
<title-group>...</title-group>
<contrib-group>...</contrib-group>
<aff id="StLukes">...</aff>
<pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub"
iso-8601-date="1999-03-27">
<day>27</day><month>03</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>318</volume>
<issue>7187</issue>
<fpage>837</fpage>
<lpage>841</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2001-01-29">
<day>29</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>1999</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 1999, British
Medical Journal</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>British Medical Journal</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>To examine the effectiveness of day hospital
attendance in prolonging independent living for
elderly people.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
...
Date in a non-Gregorian calendar:
...
<date date-type="received" calendar="Japanese"
iso-8601-date="1947-07-01">
<day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>22</year>
<era>昭和</era>
</date>
...
Date used as a time stamp:
...
<date date-type="online" specific-use="metadata"
iso-8601-date="2012-05-03T08:47:08">
<string-date>2012-05-03T08:47:08</string-date>
</date>
...
Inside a citation to hold the publication date of the cited book:
...
<ref id="B14">
<element-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Hart</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<source>A new kind of doctor: the general practitioner’s
part in the health of the community</source>
<date iso-8601-date="1988" date-type="published">
<year>1988</year></date>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Merlin Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
...
...
<ref id="B14">
<mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Hart</surname> <given-names>JT</given-names>
</name></person-group>.
<source>A new kind of doctor: the general practitioner’s
part in the health of the community</source>.
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>:
<publisher-name>Merlin Press</publisher-name>,
<date iso-8601-date="1988" date-type="published">
<year>1988</year></date>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
JATS-common1.ent