<article-title> Article Title

Full title of an article.

Usage/Remarks

The <article-title> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the article itself and as part of bibliographic citations. The title is nearly always in the original language of publication, but a publisher or archive may choose to record all article titles in a single language, such as English, and use a second title group to hold alternative language title/subtitle.
Article Subtitles in Article Metadata
In the article metadata (<article-meta>), the article title and article subtitle are identified with two different elements and tagged separately, using the <article-title> and <subtitle> elements.
If there are title/subtitle pairs in more than one language, the <title-group> may repeat, once for each language.
Article Subtitles in Citations
Within bibliographic citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), the <article-title> contains the full title of a cited journal article. The subtitle cannot be given its own subtitle tag as this Tag Set identifies no cited-subtitle element. There are several workarounds.
For references tagged with the <element-citation> element (or the deprecated <nlm-citation> element), that do not permit untagged text, there are two choices:
For references using the <mixed-citation>, there are three choices:
  • The subtitle may be included with the title in the <article-title> element (or the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other titles),
  • The subtitle may be left as untagged characters within the text of the reference, or
  • The subtitle may be tagged as <named-content> with a @content-typesubtitle”.

Best Practice in Citations

Although this Tag Set cannot enforce either practice, retrieval performance will be enhanced if the subtitle for all cited material is consistently placed within the <article-title> element for journal articles and within the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other documents. When marked as either a <named-content> or left as untagged text, the subtitle is easy to lose to searching. It is also not always easy to identify, particularly with historical or foreign material, which part of a multipart title is the main title and which the subtitle.
Related Elements
There are several elements concerned with the title of an article, all contained within the container element <title-group> in the article metadata:
  • The <article-title> is the full title of the article.
  • The <subtitle> is a subordinate or auxiliary title that adds information to the full title or modifies the full title.
  • The <alt-title> is another version of an article title, usually created so that the title can be processed in a distinct way, for example, a short version of the title for use in a Table of Contents, an ASCII title, or a version of the title to be used in the right-running-head.
The entire <title-group> should repeat to handle multiple languages, using the @xml:lang attribute to mark the language of the title group.
Attributes

Base Attributes

Models and Context
May be contained in
Description
Any combination of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  article-title
                        (#PCDATA %article-title-elements;)*          >
Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | hr | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | overline-start | overline-end | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | underline-start | underline-end | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | x | break)*

Tagged Samples
Inside article metadata
<article dtd-version="1.4d1">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>...</journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-10092260</article-id>
   <article-categories>...</article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title>Systematic review of day hospital
     care for elderly people</article-title>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group>...</contrib-group>
   <aff>...</aff>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="1999-03-27">
    <day>27</day><month>03</month><year>1999</year>
   </pub-date>
   ...
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 ...
</article>
In citations
Mixed citation
...
<back>
 ...
 <ref-list>
  ...
  <ref id="B8">
   <label>8</label>
   <mixed-citation>
    <string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
    <given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
    <string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
    <given-names>B</given-names></string-name>.
    <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care 
    services for the chronically ill: a randomized 
    experiment</article-title>. <source>Medical Care</source>
    <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>; <volume>18</volume>:
    <fpage>567</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>584</lpage>.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>.
   </mixed-citation>
  </ref>
  ...
 </ref-list>
 ...
</back>
...
Element citation
...
<back>
 ...
 <ref-list>
  ...
  <ref id="B8">
   <label>8</label>
   <element-citation>
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
     <name><surname>Weissert</surname>
      <given-names>W</given-names></name>
     <name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
      <given-names>B</given-names></name>
    </person-group>
    <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
     services for the chronically ill: a randomized
     experiment</article-title>
    <source>Medical Care</source>
    <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
    <volume>18</volume>
    <fpage>567</fpage>
    <lpage>584</lpage>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>
   </element-citation>
  </ref>
  ...
 </ref-list>
 ...
</back>
...
Related Resources