<subject>
Subject Grouping Name
Name of one subject or topic used to describe an article. Such topics and groupings of topics are typically used to provide headings for groups of documents or document components in a printed, or online, generated Table of Contents.
Remarks
For some journals, articles are grouped into categories which this Tag Set calls <subject>s, which may be grouped into <subj-group>s. These subject categories are typically shown in the Table of Contents, at the top of the first print or display page, or on the web splash page for an article. Sometimes the grouping or category refers to the type of article, such as “Essay”, “Commentary”, “Obituary”, “Award”, or “Article”. Sometimes the grouping refers to subject areas, such as “Physical Sciences”, “Biological Sciences”, or “Social Sciences”. Sometimes the grouping refers to topics within the larger subject areas, such as “Applied Math”, “Biology”, or “Chemistry”. For example, a one-level grouping might be:
<subj-group> <subject>Retraction</subject> </subj-group>
or, as another example:
<subj-group> <subject>Essay</subject> </subj-group>
And a four-level grouping might be:
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Biological Sciences</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Neuroscience</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Cellular and Molecular Biology</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="keywords">
<subject>Blood–brain barrier</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
Articles may also be assigned to more than one grouping. For example, if an article is classified as “Biochemistry” under “Biological Sciences” and “Chemistry” under “Physical Sciences”, the <subj-group> container element may repeat. For example:
<subj-group>
<subject>Articles</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Biological Sciences</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Biochemistry</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Physical Sciences</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Chemistry</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
Attribute Best Practice: If the content of the <subject> element is a term from a controlled vocabulary (ontology, taxonomy, term-list, vocabulary, industry glossary, or other known source), the vocabulary attributes should be used to identify that source. The source named can be a formal ontology or an informal field of study.
Term Identification Attributes: Two attributes are used in this Tag Set to identify an individual term from a vocabulary (controlled or an uncontrolled):
vocab-term | The content of the element is the display version of the vocabulary or taxonomic term. The @vocab-term attribute holds the canonical version of the same term, as it appears in the vocabulary. |
|---|---|
vocab-term-identifier | Unique identifier of the term within a specific vocabulary, such as (but not limited to) an item number, a URI, DOI, etc. |
Vocabulary Identification Attributes: Two attributes are used in this Tag Set to identify a vocabulary. If these attributes have already been used on <subj-group>, they need not be repeated on each <subject>.
vocab | Name of the controlled or uncontrolled vocabulary, taxonomy, ontology, index, database, or similar that is the source of the term. For example, for a subject term, a value might be the IPC Codes (“ipc”) or MESH headings
(“mesh”). For an uncontrolled term, the value might be
an area of study such as “medical-devices” or merely the word “uncontrolled”. |
|---|---|
vocab-identifier | Unique identifier of the vocabulary, such as (but not limited to) a URI or DOI. For example, for Dublin Core (DCC), the identifier may be “http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dces/”. |
Attributes
Content Model
<!ELEMENT subject (#PCDATA %subject-elements;)* >
Expanded Content Model
(#PCDATA | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | named-content | styled-content | sub | sup)*
Description
Any combination of:
- Text, numbers, or special characters
- Emphasis Elements
- <alternatives> Alternatives For Processing
- Inline Display Elements
- Inline Math Elements
- <named-content> Named Special (Subject) Content
- <styled-content> Styled Special (Subject) Content
- Baseline Change Elements
This element may be contained in:
Example 1
Article categories that are similar to keywords:
... <article-categories> <subj-group> <subject>ISO/TC 43</subject> <subj-group> <subject>SC 1, Noise</subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> </article-categories> ...
...
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="kwd">
<subject content-type="neurosci">Cellular and Molecular
Biology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject content-type="neurosci">Blood–brain
barrier</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
...
Example 2
Categories for Table of Contents grouping:
... <article-categories> <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"> <subject>ARTICLES</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Structural, Mechanical, Thermodynamic, and Optical Properties of Condensed Matter</subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> </article-categories> ...
Example 3
A single article may belong to many subject groups:
... <article-categories> <subj-group> <subject>Departments</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Federal Court Decisions</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Supreme Court Opinions</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Criminal Procedure</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Vehicle Passenger Rights: <italic>Brendlin v. California</italic></subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> </subj-group> </subj-group> <subj-group> <subject>4th Circuit Decisions</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Habeas Corpus</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Detaining U.S. Residents: <italic>Al-Marri v. Wright</italic></subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> </subj-group> </subj-group> <subj-group> <subject>Federal Law</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Changes to FISA Surveillance: Protect America Act of 2007</subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> <subj-group> <subject>Ethical Guidelines</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Protecting Client Confidences</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Potential for Identity Theft in Pleadings and Filings</subject> <subj-group> <subject>Drivers License Numbers</subject> </subj-group> <subj-group> <subject>Social Security Numbers</subject> </subj-group> </subj-group> </subj-group> </subj-group> </subj-group> </article-categories> ...