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<abbrev> Abbreviation or Acronym
Abbreviation, acronym, or emoticon used in the text of a document, possibly including
an expansion of the acronym.
Usage/Remarks
Although an abbreviation is typically a few capitalized
letters such as an acronym (“NIH”,
“WHO”,
“UN”, or “GAO”),
emoticons (“;-)”) can also be tagged
as abbreviations (“smile-wink”).
Linking
Link to Explanation
— The linking attributes (with the standard XLink
attributes) may be used to provide a live link to an expansion,
extended definition, or additional explanation of an abbreviation or acronym.
Acronym Links to Institution
— The attribute @rid can be used
inside an affiliation, to link an Acronym for an institution to the
institution name, institution identifier, or
<institution-wrap> (which holds
both the name and identifier).
Accessibility
Sometimes an <abbrev> needs to be pronounced in a way that is not reflected in its content or its tagging.
The @alt attribute can be used to record the
pronunciation for screen readers and other accessibility devices.
For example, the abbreviation “WHO” may be better
pronounced as “World Health Organization” or as
“W.H.O.” than as the word “who”. The
@alt attribute can also be used to provide the
textual interpretation of a symbol such as an emoticon (for example,
for “;-)” use
“@alt='smile-wink'”).
Conversion Note
Abbreviations, while common in STM books, have been rarely
tagged in the STM journal world, and will not be present in many
journal tag sets. Thus, converted material cannot rely on
acronyms and abbreviations being recognized unless processing
has been added to recognize them. This element used to be
quite rare in the journal world, but is on the increase for
accessibility uses.
Attributes
Multi-lang Attributes
Namespaces
Models and Context
May be contained in
<addr-line>, <aff>, <alt-title>, <article-title>, <attrib>, <award-id>, <bold>, <chapter-title>, <code>, <collab>, <comment>, <conf-theme>, <def-head>, <element-citation>, <fixed-case>, <funding-source>, <italic>, <license-p>, <meta-value>, <mixed-citation>, <monospace>, <named-content>, <overline>, <p>, <part-title>, <preformat>, <product>, <roman>, <sans-serif>, <sc>, <see>, <see-also>, <source>, <strike>, <styled-content>, <sub>, <subtitle>, <sup>, <supplement>, <support-source>, <td>, <term>, <term-head>, <th>, <title>, <trans-source>, <trans-subtitle>, <trans-title>, <underline>, <verse-line>
Description
Any combination of:
- Text, numbers, or special characters
- <def> Definition List: Definition
Content Model
<!ELEMENT abbrev (#PCDATA %abbrev-elements;)* >
Expanded Content Model
(#PCDATA | def)*
Tagged Samples
With and without alternate text for pronunciation
... <article-meta> <article-categories>...</article-categories> <title-group> <article-title>The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (<abbrev>DASH</abbrev>) outcome questionnaire: longitudinal construct validity and measuring self-rated health change after surgery</article-title> </title-group> <contrib-group>...</contrib-group> ... <abstract> <p><bold>Background:</bold> The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (<abbrev alt="D.A.S.H.">DASH</abbrev>) questionnaire is a self-administered region-specific outcome instrument developed as a measure of self-rated upper-extremity disability and symptoms. The <abbrev alt="D.A.S.H.">DASH</abbrev> consists mainly of a 30-item disability/symptom scale, scored 0 (no disability) to 100. The main purpose of this study was to assess the <italic>longitudinal construct validity</italic> of the <abbrev alt="D.A.S.H.">DASH</abbrev> among patients undergoing surgery.</p> ... </abstract> </article-meta> ...
Emoticon
...
<p>And I can say without fear of contradiction
<abbrev alt="Wink smile">;)</abbrev> that this
political process is without flaw.</p>
...
Related Resources
- See: Accessibility