<graphic>

Graphic

Description of and pointer to an external file containing a still image.

Remarks

The external file associated with a <graphic> holds a picture, illustration, etc., and is usually some form of binary object. The “content” of the <graphic> element (if any) is not the object itself, but merely information about the object. The external file that contains the object is named by the @xlink:href attribute.
Related Essay: For a discussion on the use of <graphic>, see Figures and Graphics.
Position: Although the @position attribute of this element may be used to indicate whether this element must be anchored at its exact location within the text or it may float, it is good practice to anchor graphics. All the graphics inside figures, tables, etc., should be anchored as well, although the outer structure (figure, boxed text) may be allowed to float.
Usage: Display component elements, such as <caption>, should always be used at the highest possible level; in other words, if a <graphic> element is inside a <fig> element, the <caption>, <long-desc>, etc., should be part of the <fig>, not part of the <graphic> element. Use a <caption> element (and similar display component elements) on a <graphic> only when the graphic object is not enclosed in any other structure or when a figure contains multiple graphic objects, each of which must have its own <caption>. For similar reasons, the @position attribute should be set to “anchor” for a <graphic> element contained inside a larger display container such as a <fig>.

Related Elements

This Suite contains several elements that describe and point to non-XML material: <graphic>, <inline-graphic>, <media>, <supplementary-material>, and <inline-supplementary-material>. The elements <graphic> and <inline-graphic> contain a pointer to a still image (such as a photograph, diagram, line drawing, etc.) that is part of the document. The element <media> contains a pointer to a non-XML, frequently binary, object (such as a movie, audio clip, dataset, or other non-XML format) that is integral to the document’s content, where  “integral” means that the media object is discussed within (and possibly displayed within) the document; the media object is part of the document.
In contrast, the elements <supplementary-material> and <inline-supplementary-material> are used to describe either XML material (such as figures, tables, and sections) or non-XML material (such as graphics, films, audio clips, datasets, or other material) that are considered to be “additional material” (non-integral) accompanying a document. Like <graphic>, <inline-graphic>, and <media>, the supplementary material elements never contain the object they describe, even if it is an XML object such as a figure, although they may point to it.
The element <inline-supplementary-material> is used to mark up references to additional material, where the reference appears within the regular flow of the text and does not have a preview image or separate caption. The <supplementary-material> element is used to describe a more complicated reference, where the description of the supplementary object resembles a figure in that it can be positioned as a floating or anchored object and may take a caption.
Best Practice: It is best practice to tag unlabeled graphic objects (no label such as “Figure 4.”) as <graphic>s, not as <fig> elements. A common test to determine whether an object is a <fig> versus a <graphic> is to ask, “If there were a List of Figures for this document, should this object appear in that list?”

Attributes

content-type Type of Content
id Document Internal Identifier
mime-subtype Mime Subtype
mimetype Mime Type
orientation Orientation
position Position
specific-use Specific Use
xlink:actuate Actuating the Link
xlink:href Href (Linking Mechanism)
xlink:role Role of the Link
xlink:show Showing the Link
xlink:title Title of the Link
xlink:type Type of Link
xml:base Base
xml:lang Language
xmlns:xlink XLink Namespace Declaration

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  graphic      %graphic-model;                              >

Expanded Content Model

(alt-text | long-desc | abstract | email | ext-link | uri | caption | object-id | kwd-group | label | attrib | permissions)*

Description

Any combination of:

This element may be contained in:

<alternatives>, <app>, <app-group>, <array>, <bio>, <body>, <boxed-text>, <chem-struct>, <chem-struct-wrap>, <disp-formula>, <disp-quote>, <fig>, <fig-group>, <floats-group>, <glossary>, <license-p>, <named-content>, <notes>, <p>, <ref-list>, <sec>, <sig>, <sig-block>, <styled-content>, <supplementary-material>, <table-wrap>, <td>, <term>, <th>

Example 1

Typical graphic inside a figure:
... 
<fig id="f1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<graphic xlink:href="f1"/>
<attrib>Brookhaven National Laboratory</attrib>
</fig>
...
... 
<fig id="f8" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>FIG. 8.</label>
<caption>
<p>Time difference between events F and A as a function of the 
length of entering plug for bifurcations B to BXXX, where X stands 
for 0 or 1.</p>
</caption>
<graphic orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="f8"/>
</fig>
...

Example 2

Graphic with an <object-id> inside a complex figure with a title, caption, and alternative text:
...
<sec sec-type="results">
<title>Results</title>
<p>We identified 703 abstracts, of which 687 were not
relevant ... Details of randomisation procedures,
treatment schedules, and numbers of patients followed up
are given on the <italic>BMJ</italic> website.</p>
<fig id="F1">
<caption>
<title>Deaths among patients receiving day hospital care
or alternative services.</title>
<p>Odds ratios of death by end of follow up were calculated by 
fixed effects model. Heterogeneity between trials is presented as
&#x03C7;<sup>2</sup></p>
</caption>
<alt-text>Deaths in hospitals or with alternative services</alt-text>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xlink:href="fors2662.f1">
<object-id>456472</object-id>
</graphic>
</fig>
...</sec>
...

Example 3

Several versions of a graphic supplied as alternatives:
... 
<fig id="f3" position="float">
<label>FIG. 3.</label>
<caption>...</caption>
<alternatives>
<graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="1.4821168.figures.highres.f3.zip"></graphic>
<graphic specific-use="online" xlink:href="1.4821168.figures.online.f3.jpg"></graphic>
</alternatives>
</fig>
...

Example 4

Multiple graphics inside a single figure:
...
<fig id="f1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>FIG. 1.</label>
<caption>
<p>(a) Schematic of the working principles of HFM, (b) a typical application
scheme for an electric bias in HFM, (c) regulation the conformations and
dynamics (trapping, concentration, and sudden stretching) of λ-DNA molecules
in HFM, and (d) schematic of the trapping location regulation (enhanced online).
[URL: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4762852.1">
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4762852.1</ext-link>]
<alternatives>
<media id="v1" mime-subtype="avi" mimetype="video" orientation="portrait"
position="anchor" specific-use="original-format" xlink:href="v1">
<object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1063/1.4762852.1</object-id>
</media>
<media mime-subtype="mpeg" mimetype="video" orientation="portrait"
position="anchor" specific-use="archival-format" xlink:href="v1"></media>
<media mime-subtype="x-flv" mimetype="video" orientation="portrait"
position="anchor" specific-use="online-format" xlink:href="v1"></media>
</alternatives>
</p>
</caption>
<graphic orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="f1"/>
<graphic id="f1a" orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="dummy1.png"/>
<graphic id="f1b" orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="dummy2.png"/>
<graphic id="f1c" orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="dummy3.png"/>
<graphic id="f1d" orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="dummy4.png"/>
</fig>
...

Example 5

Graphic not inside a paragraph, but loose in the body text:
... 
<body>
<graphic specific-use="online" position="anchor" 
xlink:href="prodbe.int.aip.org:8080/journal/journal_fs/
1.2983775.1373315697!/images/1460725790.jpg"/>
...</body>
...

Example 6

Graphics inside table cells:
... 
<table-wrap id="t14">...
<table frame="box" rules="all" cellpadding="5"> ...
<tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4411</td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<graphic id="g14" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d14"/></td>
<td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4411</td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<graphic id="g15" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d15"/></td>
<td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4414</td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<graphic id="g16" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d16"/></td>
<td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4414</td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<graphic id="g17" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d17"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</table-wrap>  
...

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Version 1.1 (ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2015)

Version of December 2015

Back to Top