<year>
Year
Representation,
usually numerical, of a calendar year.
Remarks
Calendar: The @calendar attribute can be
used to indicate the
calendar (e.g., Gregorian, Thai Buddha, or Japanese) of the given year.
Usage: In addition to being used for the year of publication, the <year> is also used to record “historical” events in the publishing cycle, for example, the year the document was accepted or last updated.
The <year> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the article itself, and as part of the description of a cited work inside a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>).
Best Practice: When possible, the year should be expressed as a 4-digit number,
for example, “1776”, “1924”, or “2015”.
Related Essay: For a discussion on the use of <year>, see Dates in Citations.
Attributes
Content Model
<!ELEMENT year (#PCDATA) >
Description
Text, numbers, or special characters
This element may be contained in:
Example 1
In article metadata, as part of a lifecycle (history) date:
...
<article-meta>...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<collab collab-type="committee">Technical Committee ISO/TC 108,
Subcommittee SC 2</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<fpage seq="1">1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="approved" iso-8601-date="2012-06-01">
<day>01</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
...</article-meta>
... Example 2
In article metadata, in both history and publication dates:
... <article-meta>... <author-notes>...</author-notes> <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="1999-03-27"> <day>27</day> <month>03</month> <year>1999</year> </pub-date> <volume>318</volume> <issue>7187</issue> <fpage>837</fpage> <lpage>841</lpage> <history> <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="1999-01-29"> <day>29</day> <month>01</month> <year>1999</year> </date> </history> <permissions> <copyright-statement>...</copyright-statement> </permissions> <abstract>...</abstract> ...</article-meta> ...
Example 3
In an element-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
...
<ref-list>...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<element-citation>
<person-group>
<name><surname>Weissert</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Wan</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care services
for the chronically ill: a randomized experiment</article-title>
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>567</fpage>
<lpage>584</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
...</ref-list>
... Example 4
In a mixed-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<ref-list>...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<mixed-citation>
<string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
<given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Wan</surname>,
<given-names>T</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
<given-names>B</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Katz</surname>,
<given-names>S</given-names></string-name>.
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care services
for the chronically ill: a randomized experiment</article-title>.
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>;
<volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>567</fpage>–<lpage>584</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...</ref-list>
... Example 5
Date showing a Japanese year:
...
<date date-type="received" calendar="Japanese"
iso-8601-date="2013-07-01">
<day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>25</year>
<era>昭和</era>
</date>
...