<subtitle>

Document Subtitle

Subordinate part of a title for a document or document component.

Remarks

In Metadata: In the article metadata, the article subtitle and title are identified separately and tagged with two different elements, the <article-title> and <subtitle> elements.
In Citations: Within a bibliographic reference citation, the subtitle of a document cannot be preserved separately as this Tag Set identifies no cited-subtitle elements. How the subtitle should be tagged depends on how the citation is tagged.
For references tagged with either the <element-citation> or the <nlm-citation> elements, since these two models do not permit untagged text there are two choices:
  • The subtitle may be included with the title inside the <article-title> element for journal articles or inside the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other titles; or
  • The subtitle may be tagged as <named-content> with a @content-type of “subtitle”.
For references tagged with the <mixed-citation> element, there are three choices:
  • The subtitle may be included with the title inside the <article-title> element for journal articles or inside the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other titles;
  • The subtitle may be left as untagged data characters within the text of the reference; or
  • The subtitle may be tagged as <named-content> with a @content-type of “subtitle”.
Best Practice In Citations: Although this Tag Set cannot enforce either practice, retrieval performance will be enhanced if the subtitle for all cited material is consistently placed within the <article-title> element for journal articles and within the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other documents. When marked as either a <named-content> or left as untagged text, the subtitle is easy to lose to searching. It is also not always easy to identify, particularly with historical or foreign material, which part of a multipart title is the main title and which the subtitle.

Related Elements

There are several elements concerned with the title of an article, all contained within the container element <title-group> in the article metadata:
  • The <article-title> is the full title of the article in the original language of the document.
  • The <subtitle> is a subordinate or auxiliary title that adds information to the full title or modifies the full title.
  • The <alt-title> is another version of an article title, usually created so that the title can be processed in a distinct way, for example, a short version of the title for use in a Table of Contents, an ASCII title, or a version of the title to be used in the right-running-head.
  • The <trans-title-group> is also a container element, inside the <title-group>, that holds together a translated title (<trans-title>) and its translated subtitle (<trans-subtitle>). The translated title is a version of the title translated into a language other than the original language of publication, and the matching subtitle is a version of the subtitle translated into a language other than the original language.

Attributes

content-type Type of Content
id Document Internal Identifier
specific-use Specific Use
xml:base Base
xml:lang Language

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  subtitle     (#PCDATA %subtitle-elements;)*               >

Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | break)*

Description

Any combination of:

This element may be contained in:

<answer>, <answer-set>, <explanation>, <option>, <question>, <question-preamble>, <question-wrap-group>, <title-group>, <verse-group>

Example 

<article dtd-version="1.3d1">
<front>
<journal-meta>...</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1641</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">11598180</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group><subject>ESSAY</subject></subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Adaptins<fn id="FN206"><p>Online version of this 
essay contains supplemental tabular material.</p></fn>
</article-title>
<subtitle>The Final Recount</subtitle>
</title-group>
...
</article-meta>
</front>
...
</article>

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Version 1.3d1 (ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2019)

Version of October 2019

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