<xref>
X (cross) Reference
Reference to an object within the document (for example, a table, a bibliographic citation).
Remarks
This element may be used to reference anything that has an attribute of type @id. This single element takes the place of the many named types of references (such as figure references, table references, and footnote references) that are common in many journal tag sets.
Best Practice: The @ref-type attribute (of the <xref> element) can be used to preserve information concerning what type of element is being pointed to by the cross-reference.
Accessibility: Sometimes a <xref> needs to be pronounced in a way that is not reflected in its content or its tagging. The @alt attribute can be used to record the pronunciation for screen readers and other accessibility devices. For example, the element cross-reference to a figure that follows might be pronounced as “Figure 4”:
... See <xref alt="figure 4">Fig IV.</xref>...
Display/Formatting Note: The content of the reference (if present) will be displayed as the link.
Attributes
Content Model
<!ELEMENT xref (#PCDATA %xref-elements;)* >
Expanded Content Model
(#PCDATA | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | ruby | named-content | styled-content | sub | sup)*
Description
Any combination of:
- Text, numbers, or special characters
- Emphasis Elements
- <named-content> Named Special (Subject) Content
- <styled-content> Styled Special (Subject) Content
- Baseline Change Elements
This element may be contained in:
<aff>, <alt-title>, <article-title>, <attrib>, <bold>, <chapter-title>, <chem-struct>, <code>, <collab>, <comment>, <compound-kwd-part>, <contrib>, <contrib-group>, <def-head>, <fig>, <fig-group>, <fixed-case>, <graphic>, <italic>, <license-p>, <media>, <meta-value>, <monospace>, <named-content>, <on-behalf-of>, <overline>, <p>, <part-title>, <product>, <roman>, <sans-serif>, <sc>, <see>, <see-also>, <source>, <speaker>, <strike>, <styled-content>, <sub>, <subtitle>, <sup>, <supplementary-material>, <table-wrap>, <table-wrap-group>, <td>, <term>, <term-head>, <th>, <title>, <trans-source>, <trans-subtitle>, <trans-title>, <underline>, <verse-line>
Example 1
In the narrative text, cross-references to two bibliographic references:
<article dtd-version="1.3d1"> <front>...</front> <body> ... <p>Geriatric day hospitals developed rapidly in the United Kingdom in the 1960s as an important component of care provision. ... Although there is considerable descriptive literature on day hospital care,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> concern has been expressed that evidence for effectiveness is equivocal and that day hospital care is expensive.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> ...</p> ... </body> <back> ... <ref-list> <ref id="B1"> <element-citation> <collab>Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians and British Geriatric Society</collab> <source>Geriatric day hospitals: their role and guidelines for good practice</source> <year iso-8601-date="1994">1994</year> <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc> <publisher-name>RCP</publisher-name> </element-citation> </ref> <ref id="B2"> <element-citation> <collab>National Audit Office</collab> <source>National health service day hospitals for elderly people in England</source> <year iso-8601-date="1994">1994</year> <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc> <publisher-name>HMSO</publisher-name> </element-citation> </ref> ... </ref-list> </back> </article>
Example 2
In the narrative text, cross-references to figures:
... <sec id="sec3"> ... <p>Allocation of tags to individual molecules is outlined in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2" alt="figure two">Fig. 2</xref>. First, the complete repertoire of tags in a plasmid library is ligated to the entire population of cDNAs ... After separating loaded microbeads from unloaded microbeads by FACS, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4" alt="figure four">Fig. 4</xref>, the hybridized DNA is ligated to the anti-tag, covalently attaching one strand of the DNA to the microbead's surface. This permits easy removal of the noncovalently attached strand.</p> <fig id="F2">...</fig> <fig id="F3">...</fig> <fig id="F4">...</fig> </sec> ...
Example 3
In article metadata, cross-references linking authors to both affiliations and author notes:
... <article-meta> ... <contrib-group> <contrib contrib-type="author"> <name-alternatives> <name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname> <given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name> <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">张轶泼</string-name> </name-alternatives> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref> <xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">a)</xref> </contrib> <contrib contrib-type="author"> <name-alternatives> <name name-style="western"><surname>Isobe</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">磯部光孝</string-name> </name-alternatives> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref> </contrib> <contrib contrib-type="author"> <name-alternatives> <name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname> <given-names>Yi</given-names></name> <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">刘仪</string-name> </name-alternatives> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref> </contrib> </contrib-group> <aff id="a1">...</aff> <aff id="a2">...</aff> <author-notes id="n1">...</author-notes> ... </article-meta> ...
Example 4
Links to two tables:
... <table-wrap id="c5-tab2">...</table-wrap> <table-wrap id="c5-tab3">...</table-wrap> <p>... (see <xref ref-type="table" rid="c5-tab2">Tables 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="c5-tab3">3</xref>)</p> ...
Example 5
Link to a section:
...
<p>... see <xref ref-type="sec" rid="c5-s3">Section 3</xref></p>
<sec id="c5-s3">
<title>...</title>
...</sec>
...Example 6
Link to a footnote:
...
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="int-fn1">1</xref>
...
<p>...<fn id="int-fn1"><p>...</p></fn>...</p>
...Example 7
Link to a table footnote:
...
<table-wrap>
<table>...
<tr><td><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tab1-fn1">a</xref>
</td></tr>
...</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="tab1-fn1"><p></p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
...Example 8
A table linked to the data from which the table is derived:
...
<table-wrap id="table1">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Steady-state kinetic analyses for each IGF1R protein.</p>
</caption>
...
<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="source-data-3" />
</table-wrap>
...
<supplementary-material id="source-data-3" content-type="sdata"
mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xlsx" xlink:href="source-data-3.xlsx">
<label>Supplementary File 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Representative curves of steady-state kinetic analyses
for each IGF1R protein characterized</title>
<p>Each data point was performed in duplicate and is shown
separately.</p>
</caption>
</supplementary-material>
...