Used to mark text that should appear in an italic or slanted font.
The intended meaning is that this element work as a toggle: if the formatting context already imposes italics (whether due to another <italic> element, a stylesheet, or some other means), then this element should turn italics off; another nested one would turn italics back on, and so on.
<!ELEMENT italic (#PCDATA %emphasized-text;)* >
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Any combination of:
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<article> <front>... <article-meta> <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">040549897</article-id> ... <permissions> <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, The National Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement> <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year> </permissions> <abstract> <p>Current evidence suggests that the length of poly(A) tails of bacterial mRNAs result from a competition between poly(A) polymerase and exoribonucleases that attack the 3′ ends of RNAs. Here, we show that host factor Hfq is also involved in poly(A) tail metabolism. Inactivation of the <italic>hfq</italic> gene reduces the length of poly(A) tails synthesized at the 3′ end of the <italic>rpsO</italic> mRNA by poly(A) polymerase I <italic>in vivo</italic>. <italic>In vitro</italic>, Hfq stimulates synthesis of long tails by poly(A) polymerase I. The strong binding of Hfq to oligoadenylated RNA probably explains why it stimulates elongation of primers that already harbor tails of 20–35 A. Polyadenylation becomes processive in the presence of Hfq. The similar properties of Hfq and the PABPII poly(A) binding protein, which stimulates poly(A) tail elongation in mammals, indicates that similar mechanisms control poly(A) tail synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.</p> </abstract> </article-meta> </front> ... </article>
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