<aff>

Affiliation

Name of an institution or organization (for example, university, corporation) with which a contributor is affiliated.

Remarks

All levels of a multi-tier organization are listed within a single <aff> element; for example, a program, a department, and a university may be part of the same <aff>. Similarly, both a division and a corporation would be inside one <aff>.
Best Practice: In a typical case, the @id attribute of an <aff> element will be pointed to from one or more <contrib> elements, establishing the linkage between them.
Even if the explicitly tagged numbers or symbols for author linkages are preserved in conversion, the ID/IDREF linking mechanism should be maintained or created during conversion.
If an archive wishes to record divisional distinctions made by a publisher, such as an <institution> element with “<dept>” and “<office>” sub-elements for the affiliation, the embedded divisions could be converted to this Tag Set using <named-content> elements:
<aff>
    <institution content-type="edu">
      University of Frostbite Falls
      <named-content content-type="dept">Dept of Campus Security
      </named-content>
      <named-content content-type="dept">Dept of Moose and Squirrel
      Security</named-content>
      <named-content content-type="office">Office of the Acting Dean
      </named-content>
    </institution>
  </aff>

Related Elements

Within an affiliation element (<aff>), the name of an institution may just be given as text, or the institution may be tagged explicitly (as an <institution>) and an institutional identifier recorded (<institution-id>). The element <institution-wrap> collects together both the name of the institution and its identifier.
A single institution may have multiple identifiers, either because different assigning agencies have defined an identifier or because the entity belongs to more than one larger organizational unit, for example, a laboratory may be part of multiple institutions.

Attributes

content-type Type of Content
id Document Internal Identifier
rid Reference to an Identifier
specific-use Specific Use
xml:base Base
xml:lang Language

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  aff          (#PCDATA %aff-elements;)*                    >

Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA | addr-line | city | country | fax | institution | institution-wrap | phone | postal-code | state | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | hr | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | overline-start | overline-end | roman | sans-serif | sc | serif | strike | underline | underline-start | underline-end | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | x | break | label)*

Description

Any combination of:

This element may be contained in:

<aff-alternatives>, <book-meta>, <book-part-meta>, <collab>, <collection-meta>, <contrib>, <contrib-group>, <person-group>, <sig-block>

Example 1

Following a contributor group in metadata with contributors linked to affiliations by cross-reference:
    ...
<book-meta>...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name><surname>McEntyre</surname>
<given-names>Jo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bid.m.1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name><surname>Ostell</surname>
<given-names>Jim</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bid.m.1"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="bid.m.1">
<institution>National Center for Biotechnology Information
(NCBI), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes
of Health</institution>,
<addr-line>Bethesda, MD 20892-6510</addr-line>
</aff>
...</book-meta>
...

Example 2

Inside a contributor in the book metadata:
   ...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Weinstein</surname>
<given-names>Melvin P.</given-names></name>
<aff>Departments of Medicine and Pathology, UMDNJ-Robert
Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08901-0019</aff>
<address>
<institution>Departments of Medicine and Pathology,
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School</institution>
<addr-line>1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl.</addr-line>
<addr-line>New Brunswick, NJ 08901-0019</addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
<phone>(732) 235-7713</phone>
<fax>(732) 235-7951</fax>
<email>weinstei@umdnj.edu</email>
</address>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
...

Example 3

In a contributor group, following the contributors, in the metadata:
...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Nüsslin</surname>
<given-names>Fridtjof</given-names>
<prefix>Dr.</prefix>
</name>
</contrib>
<aff>Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie,
<institution>Technische Universität München</institution>, 
Munich, Germany (Tel: 49-89-41404517, E-mail:
<ext-link ext-link-type="email" xlink:href="mailto:nuesslin@lrz.tum.de">
nuesslin@lrz.tum.de</ext-link>)</aff>
</contrib-group>
...

Example 4

Naming the affiliated institution and providing an institution identifier:
...  
<book-meta>...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Gaillard</surname>
<given-names>T. D.</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>H. S.</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">
<institution-wrap>
<institution-id institution-id-type="Ringgold">1812</institution-id>
<institution content-type="university">Harvard University</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<fn>
<p>Correspondence to: TD Gaillard <email>tgail@harvard.edu</email></p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
...</book-meta>
...

Example 5

In a person group in an element-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
    ...
<ref>
<element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print">
<person-group>
<name><surname>Pinet</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names></name>
<aff>Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
Emergencia, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad
de Maryland, Condado de Baltimore, USA.
<email>lpinetl@umbc.edu</email>
</aff>
</person-group>
<trans-title xml:lang="en">Prehospital emergency
care in Mexico City: the opportunities of the
healthcare system</trans-title>
<source>Salud Publica Mex</source>
<year iso-8601-date="2005-01">2005</year>
<month>Jan-Feb</month>
<volume>47</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>64</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<comment>Spanish</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
...

Example 6

An affiliation name in Japanese and English:
      ...
<book-meta>...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan">
<surname>園田</surname>
<given-names>直子</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
<surname>Sonoda</surname>
<given-names>Naoko</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Kana">
<surname>ソノダ</surname>
<given-names>ナオコ</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives> 
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">&ast;&ast;</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff-alternatives id="aff2">
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="ja-Jpan">国立民族学博物館博物館民族学研究部</institution>
</aff>
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="en">Department of Museum Anthropology, 
National Museum of Ethnology</institution>
</aff>
</aff-alternatives>   
...</book-meta>
...

Book Interchange Tag Suite (BITS) Version 2.0 Tag Library

Version of February 2016

Back to Top