<year>

Year

Representation, usually numerical, of a calendar year. (The @calendar attribute can be used to indicate which calendar, e.g., Gregorian, Thai Buddha, or Japanese.)

Remarks

Usage: In addition to being used for the year of publication, the <year> is also used to record “historical” events in the publishing cycle (<pub-history>), for example, the year the document was released as a preprint or last revised.
The <year> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the book or book part, and as part of the description of a cited work inside a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>).
Best Practice: When possible, the year should be expressed as a 4-digit number, for example, “1776”, “1924”, or “2015”.
Related Essay: For a discussion on the use of <year>, see Dates in Citations.

Related Elements

Within citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), this element is used to name the date of publication. The elements <year>, <date>, <day>, <month>, and <season> may all be used to describe the date a cited resource was published. Other dates inside a citation, such as a copyright date, the date on which the author accessed the resource, or a withdrawal date, should be tagged using <date-in-citation> with the @content-type attribute used to name the type of date (copyright, access-date, time-stamp, etc.).

Attributes

calendar Calendar
content-type Type of Content
id Document Internal Identifier
iso-8601-date ISO-8601 Formatted Date
specific-use Specific Use
xml:base Base
xml:lang Language

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  year         (#PCDATA)                                    >

Description

Text, numbers, or special characters

This element may be contained in:

<conf-date>, <date>, <date-in-citation>, <element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <product>, <pub-date>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <std>, <string-date>

Example 1

In metadata, as part of a lifecycle (<pub-history>) date:
...
<book-part-meta>...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<collab collab-type="committee">Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, 
Subcommittee SC 2</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<fpage seq="1">1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<pub-history>
<date date-type="approved" iso-8601-date="2012-06-01">
<day>01</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</pub-history>
...</book-part-meta>
...

Example 2

In metadata, in both publication date and publication history dates:
    ...
<book-meta>...
<pub-date date-type="publication" 
  publication-format="electronic" 
  iso-8601-date="1998-09-17">
<day>17</day><month>09</month><year>1998</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="publication" 
  publication-format="print" 
  iso-8601-date="1998-11-09">
<year>1998</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-history>
<date date-type="received" 
  publication-format="manuscript" 
  iso-8601-date="1998-01-05">
<day>05</day><month>01</month><year>1998</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-request" 
  iso-8601-date="1998-03-14">
<day>14</day><month>03</month><year>1998</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-received" 
  iso-8601-date="1998-05-24">
<day>24</day><month>05</month><year>1998</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted" 
  iso-8601-date="1998-06-06">
<day>06</day><month>06</month><year>1998</year>
</date>
</pub-history>
...</book-meta>
...

Example 3

In an element-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
    ...
<ref-list>...
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label>
<element-citation>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Weissert</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
services for the chronically ill: a randomized
experiment</article-title>
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>567</fpage>
<lpage>584</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
...</ref-list>
...

Example 4

In a mixed-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
    ...
<ref-list>...
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print">
<string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
<given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
<given-names>B</given-names>
</string-name>.
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
services for the chronically ill: a randomized
experiment</article-title>. <source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>;<volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>567</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>584</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...</ref-list>
...

Example 5

Date showing a Japanese year:
...
<date date-type="received" calendar="Japanese" 
  iso-8601-date="2013-07-01">
<day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>25</year>
<era>昭和</era>
</date>
...

Book Interchange Tag Suite (BITS) Version 2.0 Tag Library

Version of February 2016

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