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<contrib> Contributor

Container element for information about a single author, editor, or other contributor.

Usage/Remarks

Best Practice: Types of Contributors

The element <contrib> can be used for many roles besides authors, for example, editors, special issue editors, photographers, illustrators, directors, etc.

Role Best Practice

The @contrib-type attribute placed on the <contrib> element, or the <role> element used within the <contrib> element, may be used to describe the type of contribution made by an individual.
Although the @contrib-type attribute was designed to name the role of the contributor and was also designed to accept any text as its value, the <role> element is preferred for this use. When the @contrib-type value is to be taken from a controlled vocabulary, such as CRediT, Best Practice is not to name the role using @contrib-type. Best Practice (when possible) is to tag the CRediT taxonomy of contributor roles by using the <role> element inside <contrib> or <contrib-group>. The major advantages of using the <role> element are the ability to tie the content of the role to the formal vocabulary using the four BITS vocabulary attributes and the ability to record more than one role in the creation of a work for a single contributor.

Linking Best Practice

Use <xref> to point to the institution (<aff>), the corresponding information (<corresp>), or any author footnotes in the author note group.
Anonymous
The name of a contributor that is being withheld or is not known may be recorded using the (possibly EMPTY) element <anonymous>, which is expected to cause text such an “Anonymous” or “anon.” to be generated for display or print.
Elsevier Conversion Note
For users of the Elsevier Tag Sets, when the ranking or importance of authors has been marked as a note (for example, using <ranking>), the ranking information may be encoded in the <role> element. Thus, the Elsevier-tagged text: 
  <ranking><sup>*</sup></ranking>
would be converted to:
<role><sup>*</sup></role>
Related Elements
Use the <collab> element for contributions by organizations or groups of people. Use the <on-behalf-of> element within the contributor information to indicate that a person has written as a representative of (on behalf of) an organization or group.
Attributes
contrib-type
corresp
deceased
equal-contrib
hreflang
rid
specific-use

Base Attributes

id
xml:base

Linking Attributes

xlink:actuate
xlink:href
xlink:role
xlink:show
xlink:title
xlink:type

Namespaces

xmlns:xlink
Models and Context
May be contained in
<contrib-group>, <sig-block>
Description
Any combination of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  contrib      %contrib-model;                              >
Expanded Content Model

(contrib-id | anonymous | collab | collab-alternatives | name | name-alternatives | string-name | degrees | address | aff | aff-alternatives | author-comment | bio | email | etal | ext-link | fn | on-behalf-of | role | uri | xref | x)*

Tagged Samples
With cross-reference to affiliation 
...
<book-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name><surname>Genton</surname>
    <given-names>Blaise</given-names></name>
   <role>senior scientist</role>
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-0234234927">
    <sup><italic>a</italic></sup>
   </xref>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author">...</contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <aff id="aff-0234234927"><sup><italic>a</italic></sup>Policlinique 
  M&#x00E9;dicale Universitaire, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland, 
  <sup><italic>b</italic></sup>Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, 
  Bern, Switzerland</aff>
 ...
</book-meta>
...
With unreferenced affiliation 
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name name-style="western">
   <surname>McCrohan</surname>
   <given-names>John</given-names>
   <prefix>Capt.</prefix>
  </name>
 </contrib>
 <aff>Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and 
  Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857</aff>
</contrib-group>
...
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name name-style="western">
   <surname>Nüsslin</surname>
   <given-names>Fridtjof</given-names>
   <prefix>Dr.</prefix>
  </name>
 </contrib>
 <aff>Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie,
  <institution>Technische Universität München</institution>, 
  Munich, Germany (Tel: 49-89-41404517, E-mail:
  <ext-link ext-link-type="email" xlink:href="mailto:nuesslin@lrz.tum.de">
  nuesslin@lrz.tum.de</ext-link>)</aff>
</contrib-group>
...
With <role> using CRediT terms 
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib>
  <string-name><given-names>Barbara</given-names> <surname>Johnston</surname></string-name>
  <role vocab="CRediT" 
    vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/credit"
    vocab-term="Conceptualization"
    degree-contribution="lead">study designer</role>
 </contrib>
 <contrib>
  <string-name><given-names>Brooke</given-names> <surname>Jackson</surname></string-name>
  <role vocab="CRediT" 
    vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/credit"
    vocab-term="Writing &#8212; original draft"
    degree-contribution="lead">writer</role>
 </contrib>
</contrib-group>
...
Special characters in <role>
In CRediT attributes, characters need to be given as Unicode character references. In textual content, both Unicode references and general entities may be used. 
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib>
  <string-name><given-names>Anne</given-names> <surname>Berns</surname></string-name>
  <role vocab="CRediT" 
    vocab-identifier="https://casrai.org/credit"
    vocab-term="Writing &#8212; original draft"
    degree-contribution="lead">Writing &ndash; Original Draft</role>
 </contrib>
</contrib-group>
...
Non-CRediT <role> 
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name name-style="western">
   <surname>Foster</surname>
   <given-names>Bill</given-names>
   <prefix>Senator</prefix>
  </name>
  <role>(IL-14)</role>
 </contrib>
</contrib-group>
...
Content is <collab> 
...
<book-part-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <collab collab-type="committee">Accredited Standards Committee S3, 
    Bioacoustics</collab>
  </contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <fpage seq="1">1</fpage>
 <lpage>44</lpage>
 <supplementary-material mime-subtype="zip" mimetype="application"
   xlink:href="ASASTD.ANSI.ASA.S3.50.supplementary-material.zip"/>
 ...
</book-part-meta>
...
...
<book-part-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <collab collab-type="committee">Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, 
    Subcommittee SC 2</collab>
  </contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <fpage seq="1">1</fpage>
 <lpage>23</lpage>
 <pub-history>
  <date date-type="approved" iso-8601-date="2012-06-01">
   <day>01</day>
   <month>06</month>
   <year>2012</year>
  </date>
 </pub-history>
 ...
</book-part-meta>
...
Conference editor 
...  
<contrib-group content-type="conference-editors">
 <contrib contrib-type="editor">
  <name name-style="western">
   <surname>Herrera</surname>
   <given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
  </name>
  <role>Conference Editor</role>
 </contrib>
</contrib-group>
...
Writing on behalf of a group 
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name><surname>Forster</surname>
   <given-names>Anne Williams</given-names></name>
  <role>research physiotherapist</role>
  <xref ref-type="aff" rid="StLukes"/>
  <xref ref-type="aff" rid="RoyalInf"/>
 </contrib>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name><surname>Young</surname>
   <given-names>John G.</given-names></name>
  <role>consultant physician</role>
  <xref ref-type="aff" rid="RoyalInf"/>
  <author-comment>
   <p>on behalf of the Day Hospital Group</p>
  </author-comment>
 </contrib>
 <aff id="StLukes">Department of Health Care for the
  Elderly, St Luke&#x2019;s Hospital, Bradford BD5 0NA</aff>
 <aff id="RoyalInf">Academic Section of Geriatric
  Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF</aff>
</contrib-group>
...
Multiple language <name-alternatives> 
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name-alternatives>
   <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan">
    <surname>中西</surname>
    <given-names>秀彦</given-names>
   </name>
   <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
    <surname>Nakanishi</surname>
    <given-names>Hidehiko</given-names>
   </name>
   <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Kana">
    <surname>ナカニシ</surname>
    <given-names>ヒデヒコ</given-names>
   </name>
  </name-alternatives>
  <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">&ast;&ast;</xref>
 </contrib>
 <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
  <aff>
   <institution xml:lang="ja-Jpan">国立言語学博物館</institution>
  </aff>
  <aff>
   <institution xml:lang="en">National Museum of 
    Linguistics</institution>
  </aff>
 </aff-alternatives>
</contrib-group>
...
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">  
  <name-alternatives>
   <name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
    <given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name>
   <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">张轶泼</string-name>
  </name-alternatives>
  <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
  <xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">a)</xref>
 </contrib>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name-alternatives>
   <name name-style="western"><surname>Isobe</surname>
    <given-names>M.</given-names></name>
   <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">磯部光孝</string-name>
  </name-alternatives>
  <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
 </contrib>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name-alternatives>
   <name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
    <given-names>Yi</given-names></name>
   <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">刘仪</string-name>
  </name-alternatives>
  <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
 </contrib>
</contrib-group>
...
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