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<article-title> Article Title

Full title of an article.

Usage/Remarks

The <article-title> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the article itself and as part of bibliographic citations. The title is nearly always in the original language of publication, but a publisher or archive may choose to record all article titles in a single language, such as English, and use a second title group to hold alternative language title/subtitle.
Article Subtitles in Article Metadata
In the article metadata (<article-meta>), the article title and article subtitle are identified with two different elements and tagged separately, using the <article-title> and <subtitle> elements.
If there are title/subtitle pairs in more than one language, the <title-group> may repeat, once for each language.
Article Subtitles in Citations
Within bibliographic citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), the <article-title> contains the full title of a cited journal article. The subtitle cannot be given its own subtitle tag as this Tag Set identifies no cited-subtitle element. There are several workarounds.
For references tagged with the <element-citation> element (or the deprecated <nlm-citation> element), that do not permit untagged text, there are two choices:
For references using the <mixed-citation>, there are three choices:
  • The subtitle may be included with the title in the <article-title> element (or the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other titles),
  • The subtitle may be left as untagged characters within the text of the reference, or
  • The subtitle may be tagged as <named-content> with a @content-type “subtitle”.

Best Practice in Citations

Although this Tag Set cannot enforce either practice, retrieval performance will be enhanced if the subtitle for all cited material is consistently placed within the <article-title> element for journal articles and within the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other documents. When marked as either a <named-content> or left as untagged text, the subtitle is easy to lose to searching. It is also not always easy to identify, particularly with historical or foreign material, which part of a multipart title is the main title and which the subtitle.
Related Elements
There are several elements concerned with the title of an article, all contained within the container element <title-group> in the article metadata:
  • The <article-title> is the full title of the article.
  • The <subtitle> is a subordinate or auxiliary title that adds information to the full title or modifies the full title.
  • The <alt-title> is another version of an article title, usually created so that the title can be processed in a distinct way, for example, a short version of the title for use in a Table of Contents, an ASCII title, or a version of the title to be used in the right-running-head.
The entire <title-group> should repeat to handle multiple languages, using the @xml:lang attribute to mark the language of the title group.
Attributes

Multi-lang Attributes

lang-focus
lang-focus-custom
lang-group
lang-source
lang-source-custom
lang-translate
lang-variant
lang-variant-custom

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang
Models and Context
May be contained in
<element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <nlm-citation>, <product>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <title-group>
Description
Any combination of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  article-title
                        (#PCDATA %article-title-elements;)*          >
Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | hr | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | overline-start | overline-end | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | underline-start | underline-end | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | x | break)*

Tagged Samples
Inside article metadata 
<article dtd-version="1.4d1">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>...</journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-10092260</article-id>
   <article-categories>...</article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title>Systematic review of day hospital
     care for elderly people</article-title>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group>...</contrib-group>
   <aff>...</aff>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="1999-03-27">
    <day>27</day><month>03</month><year>1999</year>
   </pub-date>
   ...
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 ...
</article>
In citations
Mixed citation
...
<back>
 ...
 <ref-list>
  ...
  <ref id="B8">
   <label>8</label>
   <mixed-citation>
    <string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
    <given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
    <string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
    <given-names>B</given-names></string-name>.
    <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care 
    services for the chronically ill: a randomized 
    experiment</article-title>. <source>Medical Care</source>
    <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>; <volume>18</volume>:
    <fpage>567</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>584</lpage>.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>.
   </mixed-citation>
  </ref>
  ...
 </ref-list>
 ...
</back>
...
Element citation
...
<back>
 ...
 <ref-list>
  ...
  <ref id="B8">
   <label>8</label>
   <element-citation>
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
     <name><surname>Weissert</surname>
      <given-names>W</given-names></name>
     <name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
      <given-names>B</given-names></name>
    </person-group>
    <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
     services for the chronically ill: a randomized
     experiment</article-title>
    <source>Medical Care</source>
    <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
    <volume>18</volume>
    <fpage>567</fpage>
    <lpage>584</lpage>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>
   </element-citation>
  </ref>
  ...
 </ref-list>
 ...
</back>
...
Related Resources