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<string-name> Name of Person (Unstructured)

Container element for personal names captured with mixed-content where the order of the name components is not enforced.

Usage/Remarks

This is a very loose element, which may contain text, numbers, special characters, generated text, and any or all of the naming elements, such as <surname>.
If the name parts are unknown or untagged, put the whole name within the <string-name> element, for example, <string-name>Ice Cube</string-name>. Use of the <string-name> element is more likely to lead to better searching in a repository than merely leaving the person’s name untagged.
Since the <string-name> model permits the tagging of name parts within it, a name like “Prince Charles” could be tagged as a given name “Charles” (<given-names>) and prefix “Prince” (<prefix>), but such tagging is likely to be rare, and <string-name>Prince Charles</string-name> is also valid tagging.
Examples of when name parts might be usefully tagged inside <string-name> include:
  • A scenario in which “string names” are tagged as part of a preliminary process, and subsequent processes include tagging the specific name parts; or
  • An instance in which reverse order of a name, with the separating comma-space, is to be preserved as a single string, but name parts still need to be tagged for enhanced search capability, i.e., “Abernathy, the Honorable Sir Edward” might be tagged as: 
    <string-name><surname>Abernathy</surname>, the Honorable Sir Edward</string-name>
    and “Smith, Jane” might be tagged as:
    <string-name><surname>Smith</surname>, <given-names>Jane</given-names></string-name>
Attributes
content-type
name-style (default = western)
specific-use

Multi-lang Attributes

lang-focus
lang-focus-custom
lang-group
lang-source
lang-source-custom
lang-translate
lang-variant
lang-variant-custom

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang
Models and Context
May be contained in
<contrib>, <element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <name-alternatives>, <person-group>, <principal-award-recipient>, <principal-investigator>, <product>, <related-article>, <related-object>
Description
Any combination of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  string-name  (#PCDATA %string-name-elements;)*            >
Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | hr | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | overline-start | overline-end | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | underline-start | underline-end | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | x | degrees | given-names | prefix | surname | suffix)*

Tagged Samples
Place <given-names> before <surname> 
...  
<string-name name-style="western">
 <given-names>Y.</given-names> <surname>Song</surname>
</string-name>
...
Alternative languages 
...  
<name-alternatives>
 <name name-style="western"><surname>Chu</surname>
  <given-names>J. H.</given-names></name>
 <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">褚君浩</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
...
...
<article-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>  
  <contrib contrib-type="author"> 
   <name-alternatives>
    <name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
     <given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name>
    <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">张轶泼</string-name>
   </name-alternatives>
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
   <xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">a)</xref>
  </contrib>
  
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name-alternatives>
    <name name-style="western"><surname>Isobe</surname>
     <given-names>M.</given-names></name>
    <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">磯部光孝</string-name>
   </name-alternatives>
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
  </contrib>
  
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name-alternatives>
    <name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
     <given-names>Yi</given-names></name>
    <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">刘仪</string-name>
   </name-alternatives>
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
  </contrib>  
 </contrib-group>
 <aff id="a1">...</aff>
 <aff id="a2">...</aff>
 <author-notes id="n1">...</author-notes>
 ...
</article-meta>
...
In citations
Mixed citation
...
<ref id="B6">
 <mixed-citation>
  <string-name><surname>DerSimonian</surname>,
  <given-names>R</given-names></string-name>,
  <string-name><surname>Laird</surname>, 
  <given-names>N</given-names></string-name>.
  <article-title>Meta-analysis in clinical trials</article-title>.
  <source>Controlled Clin Trials</source>:
  <volume>7</volume>; <year iso-8601-date="1986">1986</year>;
  <fpage>177</fpage>-<lpage>188</lpage> [
  <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3802833</pub-id>].
 </mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
Element citation
...
<ref id="B6">
 <element-citation>
  <string-name><surname>DerSimonian</surname>, 
   <given-names>R</given-names></string-name> 
  <string-name><surname>Laird</surname>, 
   <given-names>N</given-names></string-name>
  <article-title>Meta-analysis in clinical trials</article-title>
  <source>Controlled Clin Trials</source>
  <volume>7</volume>
  <year iso-8601-date="1986">1986</year>
  <fpage>177</fpage>
  <lpage>188</lpage>
  <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3802833</pub-id>
 </element-citation>
</ref>
...
In citations using <x>
Article citation
...
<ref id="CIT0001">
 <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
  <person-group person-group-type="author">
  <string-name><surname>Adesope</surname><x>, </x>
  <given-names>O.&#x202f;O.</given-names></string-name><x>, </x>
  <string-name><surname>Lavin</surname><x>, </x>
  <given-names>T.</given-names></string-name><x>, </x>
  <string-name><surname>Thompson</surname><x>, </x>
  <given-names>T.</given-names></string-name><x>, &amp; </x>
  <string-name><surname>Ungerleider</surname><x>, </x>
  <given-names>C.</given-names></string-name></person-group>
  <x> (</x><year>2010</year><x>). </x>
  <article-title>A systematic review and meta-analysis of 
  the cognitive correlates of bilingualism</article-title><x>. </x>
  <source>Review of Educational Research</source><x>, </x>
  <volume>80</volume><x> (</x><issue>2</issue><x>), </x>
  <fpage>207</fpage><x>–</x><lpage>245</lpage><x>. doi: </x>
  <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3102/0034654310368803</pub-id>
 </mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
Book citation
...
<ref id="CIT0182">
 <mixed-citation publication-type="book">
  <person-group person-group-type="author">
  <string-name><surname>Larsen-Freeman</surname><x>, </x>
  <given-names>D.</given-names></string-name><x>, &amp; </x>
  <string-name><surname>Long</surname><x>, </x>
  <given-names>M.</given-names></string-name>
  </person-group><x> (</x><year>1991</year><x>). </x>
  <source>An Introduction to Second Language 
  Acquisition Research</source><x>. </x>
  <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc><x>: </x>
  <publisher-name>Longman</publisher-name><x>.</x>
 </mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
Related Resources