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<date> Date

Container element for the parts of a single calendar date.

Usage/Remarks

A <date> element contains date components such as <day>, <month>, and <year> (which are typically given numeric values), as well as non-numeric elements such as <season> (which is a text string).
<date>In Citations, Related Articles, and Products
When used within citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), related articles and objects, and product descriptions, <date> names the publication date of the cited or related source.
<date>In Events and History
When used as part of <event> or <history>, this element holds one of the publication history dates that may be preserved for an article, such as when it was received or when it was accepted.

Best Practice: Use @iso-8601-date

It is recommended to provide an @iso-8601-date attribute on every <date> element, for better machine processing and interoperability

Best Practice: Use <event> Rather Than <history>

Current publishing best practice is not to use the element <history> and instead, tag all publishing dates as <event>s.
  • For retrospective conversion, each <date> element inside <history> can be moved into <event> without change and without addition.
  • Going forward, the <event> structure allows the publisher to record additional metadata beyond the bare type values (“accepted”, “preprint”, “rejected”, etc.) that are recorded in the @date-type attribute.

<string-date> Best Practice

In <date>, individual date elements (such as <year>) must be tagged. However, even inside a <string-date>, the named date components such as <year> should be identified. Use <string-date> for the narrative form of a date when necessary, for example, when a date has no month or year specified or to change the order of date elements.
This Archiving Tag Set allows <string-date> both inside <date> and at the same level as <date>. This is the most flexible for allowing the archive to preserve any publisher’s structure. The tighter Tag Sets created from the base Suite may choose to use one or the other in preference.
Related Elements
Within citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), this element names a date, typically the publication date of the cited source. The elements <year>, <date>, <day>, <month>, and <season> may all be used to describe a date in a citation, both publication dates and other dates. Other dates inside a citation, such as a copyright date, the date on which the author accessed the resource, or a withdrawal date, should be tagged using <date-in-citation> with the @content-type attribute used to name the type of date (copyright, access-date, time-stamp, etc.).
Attributes
calendar
date-type
iso-8601-date
publication-format
specific-use

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
Models and Context
May be contained in
<element-citation>, <event>, <event-desc>, <history>, <mixed-citation>, <product>, <related-article>, <related-object>
Description
The following, in order:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  date         %date-model;                                 >
Expanded Content Model

(((day?, month?) | season)?, year?, era?, string-date?)

Tagged Samples
Event: Date approved 
...<article-meta>
......
<pub-history>
  <event><event-desc>Accepted for publication</event-desc>
   <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2012-06-01">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2012</year>
   </date>
  </event>
</pub-history>
 ...
</article-meta>
...
Non-Gregorian calendar 
...
<date date-type="received" calendar="Japanese" 
  iso-8601-date="2013-07-01">
 <day>1</day>
 <month>7</month>
 <year>25</year>
 <era>平成</era> 
</date>
...
With embedded <string-date> 
...
<date date-type="online" specific-use="metadata" 
  iso-8601-date="2012-05-03T08:47:08">
 <string-date>2012-05-03T08:47:08</string-date>
</date>
...
Publication date in citations
Mixed citation
...
<ref id="B14">
 <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print">
  <person-group person-group-type="author">
  <name><surname>Hart</surname> <given-names>JT</given-names>
  </name></person-group>. <source>A new kind of doctor: the 
  general practitioner&rsquo;s part in the health of the 
  community</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>:  
  <publisher-name>Merlin Press</publisher-name>, 
  <date iso-8601-date="1988" date-type="pub"><year>1988</year></date>.
 </mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
Element citation
...
<ref id="B14">
 <element-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print">
  <person-group person-group-type="author">
   <name><surname>Hart</surname>
    <given-names>JT</given-names></name>
  </person-group>
  <source>A new kind of doctor: the general practitioner&rsquo;s 
   part in the health of the community</source>
  <date iso-8601-date="1988" date-type="pub">
   <year>1988</year>
  </date>
  <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
  <publisher-name>Merlin Press</publisher-name>
 </element-citation>
</ref>
...
Related Resource