◇◆

<given-names> Given (First) Names

All given names of a person, such as the first name, middle names, maiden name if used as part of the married name, etc.

Usage/Remarks

As a typical example, in the name “John Q. Delancey Public”, the <given-names> would be “John Q. Delancey” and the <surname> would be “Public”.
Care should be taken with multipart names to divide the components into family names (<surname>) and personal names (<given-names>) in as culturally appropriate a fashion as possible. Initials can be preserved separately using the @initials attribute. 
<surname initials="Q">Llanos De La Torre Quiralte</surname>   
<given-names initials="M">M</given-names>    

<surname initials="U">Usdin</surname>   
<given-names initials="BT">B. Tommie</given-names>

<surname initials="GM" >Gonzalez Martin</surname>   
<given-names initials="J">Josquin</given-names>    

<surname initials="M">McNair</surname>   
<given-names initials="KPC">Kenneth Pritchard Carnu</given-names>    

<surname initials="B">Ben Gurion</surname>   
<given-names initials="D">David</given-names>    

<surname initials="B">Ben-Gurion</surname>   
<given-names initials="D">David</given-names>    

<surname initials="M">de la Mare</surname>   
<given-names initials="WJ">Walter John</given-names>                

<surname initials="D">Di Iorio</surname>   
<given-names initials="S">Silvio</given-names>

<surname initials="T">Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, de</surname>   
<given-names initials="H">Henri Marie Raymond</given-names>

<surname initials="L">Lewis</surname>   
<given-names initials="CS">CS</given-names>

<surname initials="L">Lewis</surname>   
<given-names initials="CS">C.S.</given-names>

Best Practice

There is no single style that best handles all single (one-part) names. Tibetan, Indian, and Burmese single names that are not surnames may be tagged as <given-names>; there is no need to commit the tag abuse of calling the given name a surname. Most westernized single names (“Pele”, “Prince”, “Babyface”, “Aztek”) are more likely to be retrieved properly if they are tagged as <surname>s.
Attributes
initials

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
Models and Context
May be contained in
<name>, <speaker>, <string-name>
Description
Any combination of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  given-names  (#PCDATA %given-names-elements;)*            >
Expanded Content Model
(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material |
related-article | related-object | hr | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline |
overline-start | overline-end | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | underline-start |
underline-end | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct |
inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end |
milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup |
x)*
Tagged Samples
Author 
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name name-style="western">
   <surname>McCrohan</surname>
   <given-names>John</given-names>
   <prefix>Capt.</prefix>
  </name>
 </contrib>
 <aff>Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and 
  Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857</aff>
</contrib-group>
...
...
<contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
  <name name-style="western">
   <surname>Foster</surname>
   <given-names>Bill</given-names>
   <prefix>Rep.</prefix>
  </name>
  <role>(IL-14)</role>
 </contrib>
</contrib-group>
...
Editor 
...  
<contrib-group content-type="conference-editors">
 <contrib contrib-type="editor">
  <name name-style="western">
   <surname>Herrera</surname>
   <given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
  </name>
  <role>Conference Editor</role>
 </contrib>
</contrib-group>
...
<name-alternatives> for multiple languages 
...
<contrib contrib-type="author">
 <name-alternatives>
  <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan">
   <surname>園田</surname>
   <given-names>直子</given-names>
  </name>
  <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
   <surname>Sonoda</surname>
   <given-names>Naoko</given-names>
  </name>
  <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Kana">
   <surname>ソノダ</surname>
   <given-names>ナオコ</given-names>
  </name>
 </name-alternatives> 
 <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">&ast;&ast;</xref>
</contrib>
...
...  
<name-alternatives>
 <name name-style="western"><surname>Chu</surname>
  <given-names>J. H.</given-names></name>
 <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">褚君浩</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
...
...
<article-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>  
  <contrib contrib-type="author"> 
   <name-alternatives>
    <name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
     <given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name>
    <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">张轶泼</string-name>
   </name-alternatives>
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
   <xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">a)</xref>
  </contrib>
  
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name-alternatives>
    <name name-style="western"><surname>Isobe</surname>
     <given-names>M.</given-names></name>
    <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">磯部光孝</string-name>
   </name-alternatives>
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
  </contrib>
  
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name-alternatives>
    <name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
     <given-names>Yi</given-names></name>
    <string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">刘仪</string-name>
   </name-alternatives>
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
  </contrib>  
 </contrib-group>
 <aff id="a1">...</aff>
 <aff id="a2">...</aff>
 <author-notes id="n1">...</author-notes>
 ...
</article-meta>
...
In citations
Mixed citation
...
<ref id="G3">
 <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print">
  <string-name><surname>Llanos De La Torre Quiralte</surname>
  <given-names>M</given-names></string-name>,
  <string-name><surname>Garijo Ayestaran</surname>
  <given-names>M</given-names></string-name>,
  <string-name><surname>Poch Olive</surname>
  <given-names>ML</given-names></string-name>.
  <article-title xml:lang="es">Evolucion de la mortalidad
  infantil de La Rioja (1980-1998)</article-title>
  [<article-title xml:lang="en">Evolution of the infant
  mortality rate in la Rioja in Spain (1980-1998)</article-title>].
  <source>An Esp Pediatr</source>. <year iso-8601-date="2001-11">2001</year>
  <month>Nov</month>;<volume>55</volume>(<issue>5</issue>):
  <fpage>413</fpage>-<lpage>420</lpage>. Figura 3, Tendencia
  de mortalidad infantil [Figure 3, Trends in infant
  mortality]; p. 418. Spanish.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
Element citation
...
<ref id="G3">
 <element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print">
  <name><surname>Llanos De La Torre Quiralte</surname>
   <given-names>M</given-names></name>
  <name><surname>Garijo Ayestaran</surname>
   <given-names>M</given-names></name>
  <name><surname>Poch Olive</surname>
   <given-names>ML</given-names></name>
  <article-title xml:lang="es">Evolucion de la mortalidad
   infantil de La Rioja (1980-1998)</article-title>
  <article-title xml:lang="en">Evolution of the infant
   mortality rate in la Rioja in Spain
   (1980-1998)</article-title>
  <source>An Esp Pediatr</source>
  <year iso-8601-date="2001-11">2001</year>
  <month>Nov</month>
  <volume>55</volume>
  <issue>5</issue>
  <fpage>413</fpage>
  <lpage>420</lpage>
  <comment>Figura 3, Tendencia de mortalidad infantil
   [Figure 3, Trends in infant mortality]; p. 418.
   Spanish</comment>
 </element-citation>
</ref>
...
Inside <string-name> 
...  
<string-name name-style="western">
 <given-names>Y.</given-names> <surname>Song</surname>
</string-name>
...
<name> inside <product> 
...  
<product>
 <source>Image-Guided Radiation Therapy in Lymphoma Management. 
 The Increasing Role of Functional Imaging</source>. 
 <name name-style="western"><surname>Macklis</surname>
 <given-names>R. M.</given-names></name>; 
 <name name-style="western"><surname>Conti</surname>
 <given-names>P. S.</given-names></name>. 
 <publisher-name>Informa Healthcare</publisher-name>, 
 <publisher-loc>Essex, United Kingdom</publisher-loc>,
 <year>year</year>, Price: <price>$324.00</price>. 
 ISBN: <isbn>9781420058741</isbn>, <size 
 units="pages">80</size> p. (hardcover)
</product>
...
Related Resources