◇◆
<xref> X (cross) Reference
Reference to an object within the document (for example, a table, a bibliographic
citation).
Usage/Remarks
This element may be used to reference anything that has an attribute of type @id. This single element takes the place of the many named types of references (such
as figure references, table references, and footnote references) that are common in
many journal tag sets.
Best Practice
Accessibility
Sometimes an <xref> needs to be pronounced in a way that is not reflected in its content or its tagging.
The @alt attribute can be used to record the pronunciation for screen readers and other accessibility
devices. For example, a cross-reference to a figure might be pronounced as “Figure
4”:
... See <xref alt="figure 4">Fig IV.</xref>...
Display/Formatting Note
The content of the reference (if present) will be displayed as the link.
Attributes
Multi-lang Attributes
Models and Context
May be contained in
<abbrev>, <abbrev-journal-title>, <addr-line>, <aff>, <alt-title>, <anonymous>, <article-title>, <attrib>, <award-id>, <bold>, <chapter-title>, <chem-struct>, <code>, <collab>, <comment>, <compound-kwd-part>, <conf-acronym>, <conf-loc>, <conf-name>, <conf-num>, <conf-sponsor>, <conf-theme>, <contrib>, <contrib-group>, <copyright-statement>, <corresp>, <def-head>, <degrees>, <disp-formula>, <edition>, <element-citation>, <email>, <etal>, <ext-link>, <fax>, <fig>, <fig-group>, <fixed-case>, <funding-source>, <funding-statement>, <given-names>, <gov>, <graphic>, <history>, <inline-formula>, <inline-supplementary-material>, <institution>, <issue>, <issue-part>, <issue-sponsor>, <issue-subtitle>, <issue-title>, <italic>, <journal-subtitle>, <journal-title>, <kwd>, <label>, <license-p>, <media>, <meta-name>, <meta-value>, <mixed-citation>, <monospace>, <named-content>, <on-behalf-of>, <overline>, <p>, <part-title>, <patent>, <phone>, <prefix>, <preformat>, <product>, <publisher-loc>, <publisher-name>, <rb>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <role>, <roman>, <sans-serif>, <sc>, <see>, <see-also>, <self-uri>, <series>, <series-text>, <series-title>, <sig>, <sig-block>, <source>, <speaker>, <std-organization>, <strike>, <string-conf>, <string-date>, <string-name>, <styled-content>, <sub>, <subject>, <subtitle>, <suffix>, <sup>, <supplement>, <supplementary-material>, <support-source>, <surname>, <table-wrap>, <table-wrap-group>, <target>, <td>, <term>, <term-head>, <th>, <title>, <trans-source>, <trans-subtitle>, <trans-title>, <underline>, <unstructured-kwd-group>, <uri>, <verse-line>, <version>, <volume>, <volume-id>, <volume-series>, <xref>
Description
Any combination of:
- Text, numbers, or special characters
- Linking Elements
- Related Material Elements
- <hr> Horizontal Rule
- Emphasis Elements
- <bold> Bold
- <fixed-case> Fixed Case
- <italic> Italic
- <monospace> Monospace Text (Typewriter Text)
- <overline> Overline
- <overline-start> Overline Start
- <overline-end> Overline End
- <roman> Roman
- <sans-serif> Sans Serif
- <sc> Small Caps
- <strike> Strike Through
- <underline> Underline
- <underline-start> Underline Start
- <underline-end> Underline End
- <ruby> Ruby Annotation Wrapper
- <alternatives> Alternatives For Processing
- Inline Display Elements
- Inline Math Elements
- Math Elements
- Other Inline Elements
- Internal Linking Elements
- Baseline Change Elements
- <x> X - Generated Text and Punctuation
- <break> Line Break
Content Model
<!ELEMENT xref (#PCDATA %xref-elements;)* >
Expanded Content Model
(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | hr | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | overline-start | overline-end | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | underline-start | underline-end | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | x | break)*
Tagged Samples
Links to bibliographic references
<article dtd-version="1.4"> <front>...</front> <body> <p>... Although there is considerable descriptive literature on day hospital care,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> concern has been expressed that evidence for effectiveness is equivocal and that day hospital care is expensive.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> ...</p> ... </body> <back> ... <ref-list> <ref id="B1"> <label>1</label> <element-citation publication-type="book"> <collab>Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians and British Geriatric Society</collab> <source>Geriatric day hospitals: their role and guidelines for good practice</source> <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc> <publisher-name>RCP</publisher-name> <year iso-8601-date="1994">1994</year> </element-citation> </ref> <ref id="B2">...</ref> ... </ref-list> ... </back> </article>
Links to figures
... <sec id="sec3"> ... <p>Allocation of tags to individual molecules is outlined in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2" alt="figure two">Fig. 2</xref>. First, the complete repertoire of tags in a plasmid library is ligated to the entire population of cDNAs ... After separating loaded microbeads from unloaded microbeads by FACS, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4" alt="figure four">Fig. 4</xref>, the hybridized DNA is ligated to the anti-tag, covalently attaching one strand of the DNA to the microbead's surface. This permits easy removal of the noncovalently attached strand.</p> <fig id="F2">...</fig> <fig id="F3">...</fig> <fig id="F4">...</fig> </sec> ...
Linking authors to affiliations and author notes
...
<article-meta>
...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name>
<string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">张轶泼</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">a)</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western"><surname>Isobe</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names></name>
<string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">磯部光孝</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yi</given-names></name>
<string-name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="zh">刘仪</string-name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="a1">...</aff>
<aff id="a2">...</aff>
<author-notes id="n1">...</author-notes>
...
</article-meta>
...Links to tables
... <table-wrap id="c5-tab2">...</table-wrap> <table-wrap id="c5-tab3">...</table-wrap> <p>... (see <xref ref-type="table" rid="c5-tab2">Tables 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="c5-tab3">3</xref>)</p> ...
Link to section
...
<p>... see <xref ref-type="sec" rid="c5-s3">Section 3</xref></p>
<sec id="c5-s3">
<title>...</title>
...</sec>
...Link to footnote
...
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="int-fn1">1</xref>
...
<p>...<fn id="int-fn1"><p>...</p></fn>...</p>
...Link to table footnote
...
<table-wrap>
<table>...
<tr><td><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tab1-fn1">a</xref>
</td></tr>
...</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="tab1-fn1"><p></p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
...Table linked to data from which the table is derived
...
<table-wrap id="table1">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Steady-state kinetic analyses for each IGF1R protein.</p>
</caption>
...
<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="source-data-3" />
</table-wrap>
...
<supplementary-material id="source-data-3" content-type="sdata"
mimetype="application/vnd.ms-excel" xlink:href="source-data-3.xlsx">
<label>Supplementary File 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Representative curves of steady-state kinetic analyses
for each IGF1R protein characterized</title>
<p>Each data point was performed in duplicate and is shown
separately.</p>
</caption>
</supplementary-material>
...Related Resources
- See: Accessibility