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<year> Year

Representation, usually numerical, of a calendar year.

Usage/Remarks

The @calendar attribute can be used to indicate the calendar (e.g., Gregorian, Thai Buddha, or Japanese) of the given year.
In addition to being used for the year of publication, the <year> is also used to record “historical” events in the publishing cycle, for example, the year the document was accepted or last updated.
The <year> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the article itself, and as part of the description of a cited work inside a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>).

Best Practice

When possible, the year should be expressed as a 4-digit number, for example, “1776”, “1924”, or “2015”.
Related Elements
Within citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), the <year> element names a year, typically four digits, for the publication date of the cited source. The elements <year>, <date>, <day>, <month>, and <season> may all be used to describe a date in a citation, both publication dates and other dates. Other dates inside a citation, such as a copyright date, the date on which the author accessed the resource, or a withdrawal date, should be tagged using <date-in-citation> with the @content-type attribute used to name the type of date (copyright, access-date, time-stamp, etc.).
Attributes
calendar
content-type
iso-8601-date
specific-use

Multi-lang Attributes

lang-focus
lang-focus-custom
lang-group
lang-source
lang-source-custom
lang-translate
lang-variant
lang-variant-custom

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang
Models and Context
May be contained in
<access-date>, <conf-date>, <date>, <date-in-citation>, <element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <nlm-citation>, <product>, <pub-date>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <std>, <string-date>, <time-stamp>
Description
Text, numbers, or special characters
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  year         (#PCDATA)                                    >
Tagged Samples
In an <event> inside <pub-history>
(<event> replaces the deprecated <history>) 
...
<article-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <collab-name collab-type="committee">Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, 
    Subcommittee SC 2</collab-name>
  </contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <fpage seq="1">1</fpage>
 <lpage>23</lpage>
<pub-history>
 <event>
  <date date-type="approved" iso-8601-date="2012-06-01">
   <day>01</day>
   <month>06</month>
   <year>2012</year>
  </date>
 </event>
</pub-history>
...
</article-meta>
...
Inside <pub-date> and in an <event>
(<event> replaces the deprecated <history>) 
...
<article-meta>
 ...
 <author-notes>...</author-notes>
 <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="1999-03-27">
  <day>27</day> 
  <month>03</month>
  <year>1999</year>
 </pub-date>
 <volume>318</volume> 
 <issue>7187</issue>
 <fpage>837</fpage> 
 <lpage>841</lpage>
 <pub-history>
  <event>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="1999-01-29">
     <day>29</day> 
     <month>01</month>
     <year>1999</year>
    </date>
   </event>
 </pub-history>
 <permissions>
  <copyright-statement>...</copyright-statement>
 </permissions>
 <abstract>...</abstract>
 ...
</article-meta>
...
In citations
Mixed citation
...
<ref-list>
 ...
 <ref id="B8">
  <label>8</label>
  <mixed-citation>
   <string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
   <given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
   <string-name><surname>Wan</surname>,
   <given-names>T</given-names></string-name>,
   <string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
   <given-names>B</given-names></string-name>,
   <string-name><surname>Katz</surname>,
   <given-names>S</given-names></string-name>.
   <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care 
   services for the chronically ill: a randomized 
   experiment</article-title>. <source>Medical Care</source> 
   <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>; <volume>18</volume>: 
   <fpage>567</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>584</lpage>.
   <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>.
  </mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 ...
</ref-list>
...
Element citation
...
<ref-list>
 ...
 <ref id="B8">
  <label>8</label>
  <element-citation>
   <person-group>
    <name><surname>Weissert</surname>
     <given-names>W</given-names></name>
    <name><surname>Wan</surname>
     <given-names>T</given-names></name>
    <name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
     <given-names>B</given-names></name>
    <name><surname>Katz</surname>
     <given-names>S</given-names></name>
   </person-group>
   <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care services
    for the chronically ill: a randomized experiment</article-title>
   <source>Medical Care</source>
   <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
   <volume>18</volume>
   <fpage>567</fpage>
   <lpage>584</lpage>
   <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
 </ref>
 ...
</ref-list>
...
Japanese year with <era> 
...
<date date-type="received" calendar="Japanese" 
  iso-8601-date="2013-07-01">
 <day>1</day>
 <month>7</month>
 <year>25</year>
 <era>平成</era> 
</date>
...
Related Resources