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<ruby> Ruby Annotation Wrapper
An inline wrapper element that surrounds some of the
document narrative text in the same way a bold or italic emphasis would. The <ruby> element contains some of the document narrative text (inside a Ruby Base <rb> element) and applies/associates a Ruby
Textual Annotation (inside an <rt> element to that base text.
Usage/Remarks
In JATS, the
<ruby> element is an inline wrapper element that contains some of the document narrative
text (inside a Ruby Base <rb> element) and associates that base text with a Ruby
Textual Annotation (inside an <rt> element).
What is Ruby
A Ruby textual annotation is an annotation, typically
short, applied to a letter, word, phrase, or name that appears in narrative text.
Ruby annotations
can indicate, for example, pronunciation advice, notes for translation, semantic
annotations, etc.
Ruby is used with Japanese, for example, in Furigana, which typically uses Hiragana
annotations on
Kanji base text. Ruby is also used in Chinese Pīnyīn (a phonetic system for transcribing
the
sound of Chinese characters into Latin script) as well as for some Korean names. In
display or
print, the characters of a Ruby annotation are frequently placed above the characters
they modify,
in parentheses after the characters they modify, or to the right of vertically set
text.
Models and Context
May be contained in
<addr-line>, <aff>, <alt-title>, <article-title>, <attrib>, <award-id>, <bold>, <chapter-title>, <chem-struct>, <code>, <collab>, <comment>, <compound-kwd-part>, <compound-subject-part>, <conf-theme>, <copyright-statement>, <corresp>, <data-title>, <def-head>, <disp-formula>, <element-citation>, <ext-link>, <fixed-case>, <funding-source>, <funding-statement>, <gov>, <inline-formula>, <inline-media>, <inline-supplementary-material>, <italic>, <kwd>, <label>, <license-p>, <meta-value>, <mixed-citation>, <monospace>, <named-content>, <on-behalf-of>, <overline>, <p>, <part-title>, <preformat>, <price>, <product>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <role>, <roman>, <sans-serif>, <sc>, <see>, <see-also>, <series>, <series-text>, <series-title>, <sig>, <sig-block>, <source>, <std>, <strike>, <styled-content>, <sub>, <subject>, <subtitle>, <sup>, <supplement>, <support-source>, <target>, <td>, <term>, <term-head>, <textual-form>, <th>, <title>, <trans-source>, <trans-subtitle>, <trans-title>, <underline>, <verse-line>, <xref>
Description
The following, in order:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT ruby %ruby-model; >
Expanded Content Model
(rb, rt)
Tagged Samples
Multiple annotations
Formatted
Tagged
... <p>... 畿内や西日本一帯では <ruby><rb>麦</rb><rt>むぎ</rt></ruby>を <ruby><rb>裏</rb><rt>うら</rt></ruby> <ruby><rb>作</rb><rt>さく</rt></ruby>とする二毛作が普及していった。 ...</p> ...
Including English and Japanese translation notes
Formatted
Tagged
... <p>... あの <ruby><rb>ロンドン警視庁</rb><rt xml:lang="en">Scotland Yard</rt></ruby> は霧の中に隠れていた。or あの <ruby><rb>ロンドン警視庁</rb><rt xml:lang="ja">ろんどんけいしちょう</rt> </ruby>は霧の中に隠れていた。 ...</p> ...
Ruby in English text
... <p>In the midst of the document text, we find: <ruby><rb>多武峰</rb><rt>とうのみね</rt></ruby>, and yet another example: <ruby><rb>汉</rb><rt>hàn</rt></ruby> <ruby><rb>字</rb><rt>zì</rt></ruby>.</p> ...