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<trans-title> Translated Title

Title of a document or document part that has been translated into a language other than that of the original publication. When a document is published simultaneously in more than one language, one language must be chosen for the title and all other document titles become translated titles.

Usage/Remarks

Best Practice

Within the article metadata, a grouping element (<trans-title-group>) has been added to keep related <trans-title>s and <trans-subtitle>s together. Best practice is now to place the language attribute (@xml:lang) on the container element <trans-title-group> rather than on the <trans-title> or the <trans-subtitle> elements. In bibliographic references — which do not allow <trans-title-group> — the @xml:lang attribute should be included on the <trans-title> element (and the translated subtitle subsumed within this title).
In Citations
Cited Journals: Within a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>), the <trans-title> element contains the title of a cited article, but with the article title given in a different language than used with the <article-title> element. For example, if an article were originally in French, the <article-title> element would contain the French title, and the <trans-title> element might contain, for example, the equivalent English title, both identified with @xml:lang. The journal name or title would be tagged as a <source> and the translated journal title tagged as a <trans-source> element.
Cited books: Within a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>), translated book titles are tagged with the <trans-source> element.
Cited Subtitles: Within bibliographic references (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), translated subtitles should be tagged as part of the translated title (<trans-title>).
NLM DTD Historical Note
This element (<trans-title>) was significantly remodeled from previous versions of this Tag Set. The current NISO JATS values are backward compatible with all JATS versions and with the last NLM version (NLM 3.0), but not with earlier NLM DTD versions. Specifically, in prior versions, the <trans-title> element was allowed outside the (new) <trans-title-group> container element.
Related Elements
There are several elements concerned with the title of an article, all contained within the container element <title-group> in the article metadata:
  • The <article-title> is the full title of the article in the original language of the document.
  • The <subtitle> is a subordinate or auxiliary title that adds information to the full title or modifies the full title.
  • The <alt-title> is another version of an article title, usually created so that the title can be processed in a distinct way, for example, a short version of the title for use in a Table of Contents, an ASCII title, or a version of the title to be used in the right-running-head.
  • The <trans-title-group> is also a container element, inside the <title-group>, that holds together a translated title (<trans-title>) and its translated subtitle (<trans-subtitle>). The translated title is a version of the title translated into a language other than the original language of publication, and the matching subtitle is a version of the subtitle translated into a language other than the original language.
Attributes
content-type
specific-use

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang
Models and Context
May be contained in
<element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <nlm-citation>, <product>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <trans-title-group>
Description
Any combination of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  trans-title  (#PCDATA %trans-title-elements;)*            >
Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | break)*

Tagged Samples
<article-meta> 
<article dtd-version="1.3">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>...</journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0002792-200209170-00001</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Editorial</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title>Quebec's Bill 114</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="fr">
     <trans-title>La Loi 114 du Qu&eacute;bec</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2001-01-02">
    <day>02</day>
    <month>01</month>
    <year>2001</year>
   </pub-date>
   ...
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2001, The Canadian 
     Medical Association</copyright-statement>
   </permissions>
   <abstract>
    <p>When 51-year-old Claude Dufresne, experiencing his second 
     myocardial infarction, arrived ...</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="fr">
    <p>Claude Dufresne, 51 ans, en proie &agrave; son deuxi&egrave;me
     infarctus du myocarde, est arriv&eacute; trop tard de six minutes
     &agrave; l&apos;urgence du Centre hospitalier du Centre-de-la-Mauricie,
     h&ocirc;pital de 142 lits de Shawinigan- Sud. Les portes de
     l&apos;urgence &eacute;taient en effet ferm&eacute;es pour la nuit,
     parce qu&apos;aucun des 60 m&eacute;decins de famille ou internistes
     de l&apos;h&ocirc;pital n&apos;&eacute;tait disponible pour assurer
     le service. M. Dufresne est d&eacute;c&eacute;d&eacute; en chemin
     vers la salle d&apos;urgence ouverte la plus pr&egrave;s, &agrave;
     quelque 30 minutes de l&agrave;.</p>
    </trans-abstract>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>...</body>
 <back>...</back>
</article>
Two translations of an original 
...
<article-meta>
<title-group>
<article-title>...</article-title>
</title-group>...
<issue-title-group>
 <issue-title xml:lang="en">The Poutine</issue-title>
 <issue-subtitle xml:lang="en">A Tasty Dish</issue-subtitle>

 <trans-title-group xml:lang="fr">
  <trans-title>La poutine</trans-title>
  <trans-subtitle>un met savories</trans-subtitle>
 </trans-title-group>

 <trans-title-group xml:lang="pt">
  <trans-title>Poutine</trans-title>
  <trans-subtitle>Um Prato amoroso</trans-subtitle>
 </trans-title-group>
</issue-title-group>...
</article-meta>...
In citations
Mixed citation
...
<ref>
 <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print">
  <string-name><surname>Pinet</surname>,
  <given-names>LM</given-names></string-name> (Departamento
  de Servicios de Salud de Emergencia, Escuela de Posgrado,
  Universidad de Maryland, Condado de Baltimore, USA.
  <email>lpinetl@umbc.edu</email>). 
  [<trans-title xml:lang="en">Prehospital emergency care
  in Mexico City: the opportunities of the healthcare
  system</trans-title>]. <source>Salud Publica Mex</source>.
  <year iso-8601-date="2001-01">2005</year> <month>Jan-Feb</month>;
  <volume>47</volume>(<issue>1</issue>):<fpage>64</fpage>-<lpage>71</lpage>.
  Spanish.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
Element citation
...
<ref>
 <element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print">
  <person-group>
   <name><surname>Pinet</surname>
    <given-names>LM</given-names></name>
   <aff>Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
    Emergencia, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad
    de Maryland, Condado de Baltimore, USA.
    <email>lpinetl@umbc.edu</email>
   </aff>
  </person-group>
  <trans-title xml:lang="en">Prehospital emergency
   care in Mexico City: the opportunities of the
   healthcare system</trans-title>
  <source>Salud Publica Mex</source>
  <year iso-8601-date="2005-01">2005</year>
  <month>Jan-Feb</month>
  <volume>47</volume>
  <issue>1</issue>
  <fpage>64</fpage>
  <lpage>71</lpage>
  <comment>Spanish</comment>
 </element-citation>
</ref>
...
Related Resources