<index-term>

Index Term

The index term to be embedded into the narrative of an article so that an Index can be created programmatically.

Remarks

Embedded index terms are more frequently a feature of books than they are of journal articles, but some publishers are now placing index terms in the text of a journal article so that both issue indexes and online article indexes can be made.
Structure of an Index Term: Index entries are recursive, so if a category (“drinks”) contains a sub-category (“lemonade”), the category <index-term> will contain two components:
  • its own <term> (“drinks”), and
  • an <index-term> for the sub-category. This subordinate index term will contain its own <term> (“lemonade”).
<index-term>
  <term>drinks</term>
  <index-term>
    <term>lemonade</term>
  </index-term>
</index-term>
Terms Points and Term Ranges: An <index-term> is either a single target point or the start of an index range. When it is the start of a range, an @id attribute is required, so that the <index-term-range-end> element can point to the start of the range.

Attributes

Content Model

<!ELEMENT index-term    %index-term-model;                           >

Expanded Content Model

(term, (index-term | (see | see-also)*))

Description

The following, in order:

This element may be contained in:

<abbrev>, <abbrev-journal-title>, <addr-line>, <aff>, <alt-title>, <anonymous>, <article-title>, <attrib>, <award-id>, <bold>, <chapter-title>, <chem-struct>, <code>, <collab>, <comment>, <compound-kwd-part>, <conf-acronym>, <conf-loc>, <conf-name>, <conf-num>, <conf-sponsor>, <conf-theme>, <copyright-statement>, <corresp>, <def-head>, <degrees>, <disp-formula>, <edition>, <element-citation>, <email>, <etal>, <ext-link>, <fax>, <fixed-case>, <funding-source>, <funding-statement>, <given-names>, <gov>, <history>, <index-term>, <inline-formula>, <inline-supplementary-material>, <institution>, <issue>, <issue-part>, <issue-sponsor>, <issue-title>, <italic>, <journal-subtitle>, <journal-title>, <kwd>, <label>, <license-p>, <meta-name>, <meta-value>, <mixed-citation>, <monospace>, <named-content>, <on-behalf-of>, <overline>, <p>, <part-title>, <patent>, <phone>, <prefix>, <preformat>, <product>, <publisher-loc>, <publisher-name>, <rb>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <role>, <roman>, <sans-serif>, <sc>, <see>, <see-also>, <self-uri>, <series>, <series-text>, <series-title>, <sig>, <sig-block>, <source>, <speaker>, <std-organization>, <strike>, <string-conf>, <string-date>, <string-name>, <styled-content>, <sub>, <subject>, <subtitle>, <suffix>, <sup>, <supplement>, <support-source>, <surname>, <target>, <td>, <term>, <term-head>, <th>, <title>, <trans-source>, <trans-subtitle>, <trans-title>, <underline>, <unstructured-kwd-group>, <uri>, <verse-line>, <version>, <volume>, <volume-id>, <volume-series>, <xref>

Example 1

An index term, complete with its See Also reference, inside narrative text:
    
... 
<p>However, the First Amendment does not bar the 
issuance or execution of a warrant to search a 
newsroom<index-term><term>Newspapers</term>
<see-also><index-term><term>Speech and press</term>
</index-term></see-also></index-term> to obtain 
photographs of demonstrators who had injured several 
policemen, although the Court appeared ...</p>
...

   

Example 2

An index term, complete with its See reference, inside a title:
    
...
<sec id="sec10-3-3">
<title>United States Interstate Compacts<index-term id="idx313"><term>Interstate 
compacts</term>
<see><index-term>
<term>States, Agreements with other States</term>
</index-term></see>
</index-term></title>
<p>For many years after the United States Constitution was adopted, boundary 
disputes continued to predominate as the subject matter of agreements 
among the States.  Since the turn of the twentieth century, however, the 
interstate compact has been used to an increasing extent as an instrument 
for state cooperation ...</p>
...
</sec>
...

   

Example 3

An index term (with both See and See Also references) which uses vocabulary attributes:
... 
<p>Fu attribuito prevalentemente ad 
Aristotele<index-term index-type="person" id="idx108">
<term 
  vocab-term-identifier="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Person"
>Aristotle</term>
<see><index-term><term>Aristoteles</term>
</index-term></see>
</index-term>, anche se l&rsquo;origine avicenniana era 
tramandata dalle sottoscrizioni di parecchi manoscritti e nota a commentatori 
come ad esempio Adamo di Bockenfield<index-term index-type="person" id="idx903">
<term 
  vocab-term-identifier="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Person"
>Adamo di Bockenfield</term>
<see-also><index-term><term>Adam de Bocfeld</term>
</index-term></see-also>
<see-also><index-term><term>Adam Bockenfield</term>
</index-term></see-also>
</index-term></p>
...

Example 4

A multi-level index term:
... 
<p>Almost from the beginning, the history of Romanesque art and 
architecture<index-term index-type="subject"><term>architecture</term>
<index-term index-type="subject"><term>Romanesque (historiography)</term>
</index-term></index-term> was linked to the intercourse and growth 
generated by movement along the roads to the shrine of St. James at 
Compostela.</p>
...

Example 5

A fictitious example, intended to illustrate deeply nested multi-level index term:
    
...
<p>This is a paragraph with indexing throughout.  For example, it 
shows primary index terms<index-term><term>primary level index 
term</term></index-term>, and then continues with embedded 
index terms such as this one.
<index-term><term>primary level index term</term>
<index-term><term>secondary term</term></index-term>
</index-term> as the text continues.</p>

<p>Now that you see how it works, this paragraph is slightly 
more realistic.  It talks about Poodles, for example, <index-term>
<term>poodle</term></index-term>, and then continues on 
with other embedded index terms such as this 2-level one.
<index-term><term>dogs</term>
<index-term><term>poodles</term></index-term>
</index-term> The text continues, if necessary.</p>

<p>Finally, as an illustration, this is a very complex, multilevel 
index term
<index-term>
  <term>primary term</term>
    <index-term>
      <term>secondary term</term>
        <index-term>
          <term>tertiary term</term>
            <index-term>
              <term>4th level down</term>
                <index-term>
                  <term>5th and out</term>
                    <see>a lessor, <index-term><term>non-preferred term</term>
                      </index-term></see>
                    <see-also>Be advised you might want to look 
                      at this <index-term><term>color-term</term>
                      </index-term>.</see-also>
                </index-term>
            </index-term>
        </index-term>
    </index-term>
</index-term> inside the text of an ordinary paragraph.
Or placed at the end of the paragraph, if that seems
more reasonable.</p>
...