<article-title>

Article Title

Full title of an article.

Remarks

Usage: The <article-title> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the article itself and inside bibliographic citations. The title is nearly always in the original language of publication, but a publisher or archive may choose to place all article titles in one language, such as English, and use the translated title element to hold the original title (<trans-title>).
In Metadata: In the article metadata (<article-meta>), the article subtitle and title are identified with two different elements and tagged separately, using the <article-title> and <subtitle> elements.
In Citations: In bibliographic reference citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), this element contains the full title of a cited journal article. The subtitle cannot be preserved separately as this Tag Set identifies no cited-subtitle elements.
For references using either the <element-citation> or the <nlm-citation>, which do not permit untagged text, there are two choices:
For references using the <mixed-citation>, there are three choices:
  • The subtitle may be included with the title in the <article-title> element (or the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other titles),
  • The subtitle may be left as untagged characters within the text of the reference, or
  • The subtitle may be tagged as <named-content> with a @content-type “subtitle”.
Best Practice in Citations: Although this Tag Set cannot enforce either practice, retrieval performance will be enhanced if the subtitle for all cited material is consistently placed within the <article-title> element for journal articles and within the <source> element for book titles, proceedings titles, and other documents. When marked as either a <named-content> or left as untagged text, the subtitle is easy to lose to searching. It is also not always easy to identify, particularly with historical or foreign material, which part of a multipart title is the main title and which the subtitle.

Related Elements

There are several elements concerned with the title of an article, all contained within the container element <title-group> in the article metadata (<article-meta>):
  • The <article-title> is the full title of the article in the original language of the document.
  • The <subtitle> is a subordinate or auxiliary title that adds information to the full title or modifies the full title.
  • The <alt-title> is another version of an article title, usually created so that the title can be processed in a special way, for example, a short version of the title for use in a Table of Contents, an ASCII title, or a version of the title to be used in the right-running-head.
  • The <trans-title-group> is also a container element, inside the <title-group>, that holds together a translated title (<trans-title>) and its translated subtitle (<trans-subtitle>). The translated title is a version of the title translated into a language other than the original language of publication, and the matching subtitle is a version of the subtitle translated into a language other than the original language.

Attributes

id Document Internal Identifier
xml:base Base
xml:lang Language

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  article-title
                        (#PCDATA %article-title-elements;)*          >

Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA | email | ext-link | uri | inline-supplementary-material | related-article | related-object | hr | bold | fixed-case | italic | monospace | overline | overline-start | overline-end | roman | sans-serif | sc | strike | underline | underline-start | underline-end | ruby | alternatives | inline-graphic | inline-media | private-char | chem-struct | inline-formula | tex-math | mml:math | abbrev | index-term | index-term-range-end | milestone-end | milestone-start | named-content | styled-content | fn | target | xref | sub | sup | x | break)*

Description

Any combination of:

This element may be contained in:

<element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <nlm-citation>, <product>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <title-group>

Example 1

In article metadata:
<article dtd-version="1.2">
<front>
<journal-meta>...</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-10092260</article-id>
<article-categories>...</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Systematic review of day hospital
care for elderly people</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>...</contrib-group>
<aff>...</aff>
<pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="1999-03-27">
<day>27</day><month>03</month><year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
...
</article-meta>
</front>
...
</article>

Example 2

In a mixed-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<ref id="c25">
<mixed-citation publication-type="report" publisher-type="government">
<collab>Federal Highway Administration</collab> (FHWA). 
(<year iso-8601-date="1992">1992</year>). &#x201C;<article-title>Evaluating 
scour at bridges</article-title>.&#x201D; <source><italic>Hydr. Engrg. Circular 
No. 18</italic></source>: <gov><italic>FHWA-IP-90-017</italic></gov>, 
<institution>Office of Engineering, Bridge Div.</institution>, Washington, 
D.C.</mixed-citation> 
</ref>
...

Example 3

The same bibliographic reference shown in element-style (punctuation and spacing removed) and in mixed-style (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<back>
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<element-citation>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Weissert</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
services for the chronically ill: a randomized
experiment</article-title>
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>567</fpage>
<lpage>584</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
</back>
...
...
<back>
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<mixed-citation>
<string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
<given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
<string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
<given-names>B</given-names>
</string-name>.
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
services for the chronically ill: a randomized
experiment</article-title>.
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>; <volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>567</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>584</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
</back>
...

Journal Archiving and Interchange Tag Library NISO JATS Version 1.2 (ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2019)

Version of May 2019

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