<aff-alternatives>
Affiliation Alternatives
Container element to hold two or more representations of a single affiliation (for example, the name of a university in two or more languages such as both German and English).
Remarks
Best Practice: When it is present, this container element should take the @id that is used to tie contributors to affiliations rather than putting an @id on the individual affiliations (<aff>s) within the container.
Usage: The <aff-alternatives> element is intended to collect multiple versions of a single
affiliation without appearing to multiply the number of affiliations. (Three versions of the name of
a university is not the same as three different universities.) Like the similar construction for
graphics <alternatives>, it will be up to an application how multiple versions of a single affiliation are to be processed. The @xml:lang attributes can be used to distinguish the different affiliations for separate processing.
The <aff-alternatives> element can be used to record:
- The name of an affiliation in multiple language/script combinations (For example, a university name in Japanese [xml:lang="ja-Jpan" for Han + Hiragana + Katakana], the same university name written in Kanji [xml:lang="ja-Hani"], and written again in Latin alphabet);
- An alternate affiliation for sorting or searching, for example, a name in French with accented letters (such as an “é”) and a plain-letter lower-ASCII version of the same name with “é” replaced by “e” for sorting. The @specific-use attribute can be used to indicate that the ASCII version is only for “sort”, not for display.); or
- An alternate name indexing. For example, an XML database may need to record all the name variants found for an institution from “UCLA” to “University of California Los Angeles”, with the @specific-use attribute used to mark distinctions such as “primary” and “index”.
Content Model
<!ELEMENT aff-alternatives
%aff-alternatives-model; >Expanded Content Model
(aff+)
Description
<aff> Affiliation, one or more
This element may be contained in:
Example
An affiliation name in Japanese and English:
...
<article-meta>
...
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan">
<surname>園田</surname>
<given-names>直子</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
<surname>Sonoda</surname>
<given-names>Naoko</given-names>
</name>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Kana">
<surname>ソノダ</surname>
<given-names>ナオコ</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">**</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff-alternatives id="aff2">
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="ja-Jpan">国立民族学博物館博物館民族学研究部</institution>
</aff>
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="en">Department of Museum Anthropology,
National Museum of Ethnology</institution>
</aff>
</aff-alternatives>
...
</article-meta>
...