<ref>

Reference Item

One item in a bibliographic list.

Remarks

A <ref> is typically a citation describing a referenced work (see Tagging References). This Tag Set allows notes as well as citations in a bibliographic list, but best practice is to place notes in a <fn-group> or <notes> section and use <ref-list> only for bibliographic citations.

Attributes

content-type Type of Content
id Document Internal Identifier
specific-use Specific Use
xml:base Base
xml:lang Language

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  ref          %ref-model;                                  >

Expanded Content Model

(label?, (citation-alternatives | element-citation | mixed-citation | nlm-citation | note)+)

Description

The following, in order:

This element may be contained in:

<ref-list>

Example 1

Including an element-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
...
<back>
<ack>...</ack>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<element-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>Pat</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>New Z39.50 resource</article-title>
<comment>[Internet]</comment>
<source>Message to: Karen Patrias</source>
<date-in-citation content-type="time-stamp"
iso-8601-date="1998-02-27T13:18">1998 Feb 27, 1:18 pm</date-in-citation>
<date-in-citation content-type="access-date"
iso-8601-date="1998-02-28">[cited 1998 Feb 28]</date-in-citation>
<comment>[about 2 screens]</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">...</ref>
...
</ref-list>
</back>
...

Example 2

Including a mixed-style bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<back>
<ack>...</ack>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web">
<string-name>
<surname>Harris</surname>,
<given-names>Pat</given-names>
</string-name>, <role>author</role>.
<article-title>New Z39.50 resource</article-title> [Internet].
<source>Message to: Karen Patrias</source>.
<date-in-citation content-type="time-stamp"
iso-8601-date="1998-02-27T13:18">1998 Feb 27, 1:18 pm</date-in-citation>
[cited <date-in-citation content-type="access-date"
iso-8601-date="1998-02-28">1998 Feb 28</date-in-citation>].
[about 2 screens].</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">...</ref>
...
</ref-list>
</back>
...

Example 3

This Tag Set allows notes (<note>) in addition to bibliographic citations in a reference list:
...
<ref id="c33">
<label>33.</label>
<note>
<p>While the samples appear homogeneous in terms of local variations in 
transition energy and PL intensity, the response to external electric fields 
is strongly inhomogeneous, which can most likely be attributed to local 
variations in the AlGaN back contact conductivity as well as inhomogeneities 
in the passivation process.</p>
</note>
</ref>
...
...
<ref id="c35">
<label>35.</label>
<note>
<p>The geometric optimization and electronic transport properties are 
all calculated by a developed <italic>ab-initio</italic> software package 
Atomistix ToolKit, which is based on the spin-polarized density-functional 
theory combined with the non-equilibrium Greens functions. ...</p>
</note>
</ref>
...

Journal Publishing Tag Library NISO JATS Version 1.2d1 (ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2015)

Version of July 2017

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