For journal article citations, this is the title of the journal in which the cited article was published. (Publishers and archives typically establish authority lists of journal titles. For example, in PubMed Central processing, the journal title source is usually the NLM title abbreviation of the journal name: <source>Physiol Rev</source>. For book citations, the source is the title of the book: <source>Moby Dick</source>.)

Title of the journal article, typically in English. Usually this is the exact title as given in the print or display of the article: <article-title>The ethics of quackery and fraud in dentistry: a position paper</article-title>. Editorial added content, for example the word “[Retracted]”, should not be added to the title, but should follow the title as text or a <comment>.

The volume number of the journal in which the article was published, if applicable.

The issue number of the journal in which the article was published. The issue number element is typically just a simple counting number such as “4” or “35”, but some journals do simultaneous multiple issues, and in such cases both numbers should be placed inside the single <issue> element: <issue>4-5</issue>.

Page number on which the article starts. (Although many citations also list the last page on which the article can be found (<lpage>), current citation matchers place more emphasis on the first page.)

The name (typically the <surname>) of the first author or editor of the article.

The year of publication. Multiple publication years (“2009-2010”) can be recorded in two ways: as successive <year> elements:

...
<year iso-8601-date="2009">2009</year>&ndash;<year>2010</year>
...

or as a single combined year:

...
<year iso-8601-date="2009">2009&ndash;2010</year>
...

The month of publication (if present).

The day of publication if present. This is of lesser importance, but some citation matchers use it if it is available.