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<aff-alternatives> Affiliation Alternatives

Container element to hold two or more representations of a single affiliation (for example, the name of a university in two or more languages such as both German and English).

Usage/Remarks

Best Practice

When it is present, this container element should take the @id that is used to tie contributors to affiliations rather than putting an @id on the individual affiliations (<aff>s) within the container.
Usage
The <aff-alternatives> element is intended to collect multiple versions of a single affiliation without appearing to multiply the number of affiliations. (Three versions of the name of a university is not the same as three different universities.) Like the similar construction for graphics <alternatives>, it will be up to an application how multiple versions of a single affiliation are to be processed. The @xml:lang attributes can be used to distinguish the different affiliations for separate processing.
The <aff-alternatives> element can be used to record:
  • The name of an affiliation in multiple language/script combinations (For example, a university name in Japanese [xml:lang="ja-Jpan" for Han + Hiragana + Katakana], the same university name written in Kanji [xml:lang="ja-Hani"], and written again in Latin alphabet);
  • An alternate affiliation for sorting or searching (For example, a name in French with accented letters such as an “é”, and a plain-letter lower-ASCII version of the same name with “é” replaced by “e” for sorting. The @specific-use attribute can be used to indicate that the ASCII version is only for “sort”, not for display.); or
  • An alternate name indexing (For example, an XML database may need to record all the name variants found for an institution from “UCLA” to “University of California Los Angeles”, with the @specific-use attribute used to mark distinctions such as “primary” and “index”.).
Related Elements
Like the very similar element <name-alternatives> which encloses two or more variants of a person’s name, this element encloses two or more variants of an affiliation (<aff>).
Attributes

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
Models and Context
May be contained in
<book-meta>, <book-part-meta>, <collab>, <collection-meta>, <contrib>, <contrib-group>, <person-group>, <sig-block>
Description
<aff> Affiliation, one or more
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  aff-alternatives
                        %aff-alternatives-model;                     >
Expanded Content Model

(aff+)

Tagged Sample

Alternate names in Japanese and English

...
<book-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name-alternatives>
    <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan">
     <surname>園田</surname>
     <given-names>直子</given-names>
    </name>
    <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
     <surname>Sonoda</surname>
     <given-names>Naoko</given-names>
    </name>
    <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Kana">
     <surname>ソノダ</surname>
     <given-names>ナオコ</given-names>
    </name>
   </name-alternatives> 
   <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">&ast;&ast;</xref>
  </contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
  <aff>
   <institution xml:lang="ja-Jpan">国立民族学博物館博物館民族学研究部</institution>
  </aff>
  <aff>
   <institution xml:lang="en">Department of Museum Anthropology, 
    National Museum of Ethnology</institution>
  </aff>
 </aff-alternatives>   
 ...
</book-meta>
...
Related Resources