<kwd-group> Keyword Group

Container element for one set of keywords (such as <kwd>s, <nested-kwd>s, or <compound-kwd>s) used to describe a document.

Usage/Remarks

Usage
A document may take multiple sets of keywords, with the @kwd-group-type, @specific-use, or @xml:lang attributes used to discriminate between them. The <kwd> element does not take the @xml:lang attribute; that is reserved for the <kwd-group>. This means that keywords must be sorted by language and entered in language groups.
The @kwd-group-type attribute most commonly names the source of the keywords, such as “MESH”, “ISO-463”, or “author-generated”. But it is also appropriate to use @kwd-group-type to record the type of keywords, for example, “hierarchical” for keywords that are grouped into a hierarchy, “abbreviations” for keywords that contain an abbreviation and its expansion, or “code” for keywords that contain a code and its text but where the source of the codes is unknown.

Attribute Best Practice

If the content of the <kwd-group> element is a term from a taxonomy (ontology, thesaurus, term-list, vocabulary, industry glossary, or other known source), the vocabulary attributes should be used to record that source. The source named can be a formal ontology or an informal field of study. Two attributes are used in this Tag Set to identify such a controlled or uncontrolled vocabulary:
vocab
Name of the controlled or uncontrolled vocabulary, taxonomy, ontology, index, database, or similar that is the source of the term. For example, for a subject term, a value might be the IPC Codes (“ipc”) or MESH headings (“mesh”). For an uncontrolled term, the value might be an area of study such as “medical-devices” or merely the word “uncontrolled”.
vocab-identifier
Unique identifier of the vocabulary, such as (but not limited to) a URI or DOI. For example, for Dublin Core (DCC), the identifier might be “http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dces/”.
Attributes

Base Attributes

Models and Context
May be contained in
Description
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  kwd-group    %kwd-group-model;                            >
Expanded Content Model

(label?, title?, ((kwd | compound-kwd | nested-kwd | x)+ | unstructured-kwd-group))

Tagged Samples
Author’s keywords
...
<book-meta>
 ...
 <permissions>
  <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2000, The National Academy of
   Sciences</copyright-statement>
  <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
 </permissions>
 <abstract>
  <p>We describe a method for cloning nucleic acid molecules onto the
   surfaces of 5-&#x03BC;m microbeads rather than in biological hosts. A
   unique tag sequence is attached to each molecule, and the tagged
   library is amplified. Unique tagging of the molecules is achieved by
   sampling a small fraction (1&#x0025;) of a very large repertoire of
   tag sequences. ...</p>
 </abstract>
 <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
  <kwd>DNA analysis</kwd>
  <kwd>gene expression</kwd>
  <kwd>parallel cloning</kwd>
  <kwd>fluid microarray</kwd>
 </kwd-group>
 ...
</book-meta>
...
Compound keywords
...
<kwd-group>  
 <compound-kwd>
  <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B01D57/02</compound-kwd-part>
  <compound-kwd-part content-type="value">By electrophoresis</compound-kwd-part>
 </compound-kwd>
 ...
</kwd-group>
...
Japanese keywords
...
<book-meta>
 ...
 <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
  <kwd>heated air</kwd>
 </kwd-group>

 <kwd-group xml:lang="ja">
  <kwd>加温空気</kwd>
 </kwd-group>
  
 ...    
</book-meta>
...
Nested keywords
...  
<sec>
 <sec-meta>
  <kwd-group specific-use="mobile-nav">
   <nested-kwd>
    <kwd>dosing</kwd>
    <nested-kwd>
     <kwd>geriatric</kwd>
     <nested-kwd>
      <kwd>Digoxin</kwd>
     </nested-kwd>
    </nested-kwd>
   </nested-kwd>
  </kwd-group>
  
  <kwd-group specific-use="mobile-nav">
   <nested-kwd>
    <kwd>Digoxin</kwd>
    <nested-kwd>
     <kwd>dosing</kwd>
     <nested-kwd>
      <kwd>geriatric</kwd>
     </nested-kwd>
    </nested-kwd>
   </nested-kwd>
  </kwd-group>
 </sec-meta>
 <title>Dosing Table, Geriatric</title>
 ...
</sec>  
...
INSPEC keywords
...
<kwd-group id="KG1" vocab="Inspec"
  vocab-identifier="http://www.theiet.org/resources/inspec/about/records/ithesaurus.cfm" 
  xml:lang="en">
 <compound-kwd id="KG1.1">
  <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">A7865P</compound-kwd-part>
  <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Optical properties of other 
   inorganic semiconductors and insulators (thin films/low dimensional 
   structures)</compound-kwd-part>
 </compound-kwd>

 <compound-kwd id="KG1.2">
  <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">A7865T</compound-kwd-part>
  <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Optical properties of organic 
   compounds and polymers (thin films/low dimensional structures)</compound-kwd-part>
 </compound-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
...
<book-part-meta>
 ...  
 <kwd-group kwd-group-type="Inspec">
  <kwd>diversity reception</kwd>
  <kwd>Doppler radar</kwd>
  <kwd>Doppler shift</kwd>
  <kwd>encoding</kwd>
  <kwd>optimisation</kwd>
  <kwd>orthogonal codes</kwd>
  <kwd>radar signal processing</kwd>
  <kwd>MIMO radar</kwd>
 </kwd-group>

 <kwd-group kwd-group-type="uncontrolled">
  <kwd>polyphase codes optimisation</kwd>
  <kwd>multiinput-multioutput radars</kwd>
  <kwd>radar performance</kwd>
  <kwd>diversity technique</kwd>
  <kwd>MIMO radar transmission</kwd>
  <kwd>diversity performance</kwd>
  <kwd>orthogonal codes</kwd>
  <kwd>Doppler sensitive</kwd>
  <kwd>side-lobes level</kwd>
  <kwd>adaptive clonal selection algorithm</kwd>
  <kwd>polyphase coded orthogonal signals</kwd>
  <kwd>aperiodic autocorrelation side lobe</kwd>
  <kwd>Doppler shift tolerance</kwd>
  <kwd>sustainable Doppler shifts</kwd>
  <kwd>Doppler tolerance performances</kwd>
 </kwd-group>

 <kwd-group kwd-group-type="Inspec-class">
  <compound-kwd>
   <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B0260</compound-kwd-part>
   <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Optimisation 
    techniques</compound-kwd-part>
  </compound-kwd>
  <compound-kwd>
   <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B6140</compound-kwd-part>
   <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Signal processing and 
    detection</compound-kwd-part>
  </compound-kwd>
  <compound-kwd>
   <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B6320</compound-kwd-part>
   <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Radar equipment, systems 
    and applications</compound-kwd-part>
  </compound-kwd>
 </kwd-group>
</book-part-meta>
...
Working Group keywords
...
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="working group" vocab="uncontrolled">
 <kwd>adoption</kwd>
 <kwd>assurance</kwd>
 <kwd>assurance case</kwd>
 <kwd>claim</kwd>
 <kwd>integrity level</kwd>
 <kwd>life cycle processes</kwd>
 <kwd>reliability</kwd>
 <kwd>software assurance</kwd>
 <kwd>software engineering</kwd>
 <kwd>system assurance</kwd>
 <kwd>systems engineering</kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
One <kwd-group>, Two vocabularies
...
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="library-classifications">
 <compound-kwd vocab="LOC" 
   vocab-term="Diseases of the respiratory system"
   vocab-term-identifier="RC705-779">
  <compound-kwd-part>RC705-779</compound-kwd-part>
  <compound-kwd-part>Diseases of the respiratory system</compound-kwd-part>
 </compound-kwd>

 <compound-kwd vocab="Dewey Decimal" 
   vocab-term="Diseases of the respiratory system"
   vocab-term-identifier="616.3">
  <compound-kwd-part>616.3</compound-kwd-part>
  <compound-kwd-part>Diseases of the respiratory system</compound-kwd-part>
 </compound-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
ICD10 vocabulary
...
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="conditions">
 <compound-kwd vocab="ICD10" vocab-term="J00-J99">
  <compound-kwd-part>J00-J99</compound-kwd-part>
  <compound-kwd-part>Diseases of the respiratory system</compound-kwd-part>
 </compound-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
Dublin Core
...
<kwd-group vocab="dublincore" kwd-group-type="subject">
 <nested-kwd vocab="scientific name">
  <kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="kingdom">Plantae</kwd>
  <kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="phylum">Anthophyta</kwd>
  <kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="class">Monocoty</kwd>
  <kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="order">Commelinales</kwd>
  <kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="family">Poaceae</kwd>
  <kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="genus">Zea</kwd>
  <kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="species">Z. mays</kwd>
 </nested-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
Related Resources