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<kwd-group> Keyword Group
Container element for one set of keywords (such as <kwd>s, <nested-kwd>s, or
<compound-kwd>s) used to describe a
document.
Usage/Remarks
Usage
A document may take multiple sets of keywords,
with the @kwd-group-type, @specific-use, or @xml:lang attributes used to discriminate between them. The <kwd> element does not take the @xml:lang attribute; that is reserved for the
<kwd-group>. This means that keywords must be
sorted by language and entered in language groups.
The @kwd-group-type attribute most
commonly names the source of the keywords, such as “MESH”,
“ISO-463”, or “author-generated”.
But it is also appropriate to use @kwd-group-type to record the type of keywords, for example,
“hierarchical” for keywords that are grouped into a hierarchy,
“abbreviations” for keywords that contain an abbreviation and
its expansion, or “code” for keywords that contain a code and
its text but where the source of the codes is unknown.
Attribute Best Practice
If the content of the <kwd-group> element is a term from a taxonomy (ontology, thesaurus, term-list, vocabulary, industry
glossary, or other known source), the vocabulary attributes should be used to record
that source. The source named can be a formal ontology or an informal field of study.
Two attributes are used in this Tag Set to identify such a controlled or uncontrolled
vocabulary:
vocab
|
Name of the controlled or uncontrolled vocabulary, taxonomy, ontology, index, database,
or similar that is the source of the term. For example, for a subject term, a value
might be the IPC Codes (“ipc”) or MESH headings
(“mesh”). For an uncontrolled term, the value might be
an area of study such as “medical-devices” or merely the word “uncontrolled”.
|
---|---|
vocab-identifier
|
Unique identifier of the vocabulary, such as (but not limited to) a URI or DOI. For
example, for Dublin Core (DCC), the identifier might be “http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dces/”.
|
Attributes
Models and Context
May be contained in
Description
The following, in order:
- <label> Label (of an Equation, Figure, Reference, etc.), zero or one
- <title> Title, zero or one
- Any one of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT kwd-group %kwd-group-model; >
Expanded Content Model
(label?, title?, ((kwd | compound-kwd | nested-kwd | x)+ | unstructured-kwd-group))
Tagged Samples
Author’s keywords
...
<book-meta>
...
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, The National Academy of
Sciences</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>We describe a method for cloning nucleic acid molecules onto the
surfaces of 5-μm microbeads rather than in biological hosts. A
unique tag sequence is attached to each molecule, and the tagged
library is amplified. Unique tagging of the molecules is achieved by
sampling a small fraction (1%) of a very large repertoire of
tag sequences. ...</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
<kwd>DNA analysis</kwd>
<kwd>gene expression</kwd>
<kwd>parallel cloning</kwd>
<kwd>fluid microarray</kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
</book-meta>
...
Compound keywords
...
<kwd-group>
<compound-kwd>
<compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B01D57/02</compound-kwd-part>
<compound-kwd-part content-type="value">By electrophoresis</compound-kwd-part>
</compound-kwd>
...
</kwd-group>
...
Japanese keywords
... <book-meta> ... <kwd-group xml:lang="en"> <kwd>heated air</kwd> </kwd-group> <kwd-group xml:lang="ja"> <kwd>加温空気</kwd> </kwd-group> ... </book-meta> ...
Nested keywords
... <sec> <sec-meta> <kwd-group specific-use="mobile-nav"> <nested-kwd> <kwd>dosing</kwd> <nested-kwd> <kwd>geriatric</kwd> <nested-kwd> <kwd>Digoxin</kwd> </nested-kwd> </nested-kwd> </nested-kwd> </kwd-group> <kwd-group specific-use="mobile-nav"> <nested-kwd> <kwd>Digoxin</kwd> <nested-kwd> <kwd>dosing</kwd> <nested-kwd> <kwd>geriatric</kwd> </nested-kwd> </nested-kwd> </nested-kwd> </kwd-group> </sec-meta> <title>Dosing Table, Geriatric</title> ... </sec> ...
INSPEC keywords
...
<kwd-group id="KG1" vocab="Inspec"
vocab-identifier="http://www.theiet.org/resources/inspec/about/records/ithesaurus.cfm"
xml:lang="en">
<compound-kwd id="KG1.1">
<compound-kwd-part content-type="code">A7865P</compound-kwd-part>
<compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Optical properties of other
inorganic semiconductors and insulators (thin films/low dimensional
structures)</compound-kwd-part>
</compound-kwd>
<compound-kwd id="KG1.2">
<compound-kwd-part content-type="code">A7865T</compound-kwd-part>
<compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Optical properties of organic
compounds and polymers (thin films/low dimensional structures)</compound-kwd-part>
</compound-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
... <book-part-meta> ... <kwd-group kwd-group-type="Inspec"> <kwd>diversity reception</kwd> <kwd>Doppler radar</kwd> <kwd>Doppler shift</kwd> <kwd>encoding</kwd> <kwd>optimisation</kwd> <kwd>orthogonal codes</kwd> <kwd>radar signal processing</kwd> <kwd>MIMO radar</kwd> </kwd-group> <kwd-group kwd-group-type="uncontrolled"> <kwd>polyphase codes optimisation</kwd> <kwd>multiinput-multioutput radars</kwd> <kwd>radar performance</kwd> <kwd>diversity technique</kwd> <kwd>MIMO radar transmission</kwd> <kwd>diversity performance</kwd> <kwd>orthogonal codes</kwd> <kwd>Doppler sensitive</kwd> <kwd>side-lobes level</kwd> <kwd>adaptive clonal selection algorithm</kwd> <kwd>polyphase coded orthogonal signals</kwd> <kwd>aperiodic autocorrelation side lobe</kwd> <kwd>Doppler shift tolerance</kwd> <kwd>sustainable Doppler shifts</kwd> <kwd>Doppler tolerance performances</kwd> </kwd-group> <kwd-group kwd-group-type="Inspec-class"> <compound-kwd> <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B0260</compound-kwd-part> <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Optimisation techniques</compound-kwd-part> </compound-kwd> <compound-kwd> <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B6140</compound-kwd-part> <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Signal processing and detection</compound-kwd-part> </compound-kwd> <compound-kwd> <compound-kwd-part content-type="code">B6320</compound-kwd-part> <compound-kwd-part content-type="text">Radar equipment, systems and applications</compound-kwd-part> </compound-kwd> </kwd-group> </book-part-meta> ...
Working Group keywords
...
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="working group" vocab="uncontrolled">
<kwd>adoption</kwd>
<kwd>assurance</kwd>
<kwd>assurance case</kwd>
<kwd>claim</kwd>
<kwd>integrity level</kwd>
<kwd>life cycle processes</kwd>
<kwd>reliability</kwd>
<kwd>software assurance</kwd>
<kwd>software engineering</kwd>
<kwd>system assurance</kwd>
<kwd>systems engineering</kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
One <kwd-group>, Two vocabularies
...
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="library-classifications">
<compound-kwd vocab="LOC"
vocab-term="Diseases of the respiratory system"
vocab-term-identifier="RC705-779">
<compound-kwd-part>RC705-779</compound-kwd-part>
<compound-kwd-part>Diseases of the respiratory system</compound-kwd-part>
</compound-kwd>
<compound-kwd vocab="Dewey Decimal"
vocab-term="Diseases of the respiratory system"
vocab-term-identifier="616.3">
<compound-kwd-part>616.3</compound-kwd-part>
<compound-kwd-part>Diseases of the respiratory system</compound-kwd-part>
</compound-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
ICD10 vocabulary
...
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="conditions">
<compound-kwd vocab="ICD10" vocab-term="J00-J99">
<compound-kwd-part>J00-J99</compound-kwd-part>
<compound-kwd-part>Diseases of the respiratory system</compound-kwd-part>
</compound-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
Dublin Core
...
<kwd-group vocab="dublincore" kwd-group-type="subject">
<nested-kwd vocab="scientific name">
<kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="kingdom">Plantae</kwd>
<kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="phylum">Anthophyta</kwd>
<kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="class">Monocoty</kwd>
<kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="order">Commelinales</kwd>
<kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="family">Poaceae</kwd>
<kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="genus">Zea</kwd>
<kwd vocab="scientific name" vocab-term="species">Z. mays</kwd>
</nested-kwd>
</kwd-group>
...
Related Resources
- For a discussion on the use of <kwd-group>, see Keywords.
- See: Hierarchy diagram - Keyword Group