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<graphic> Graphic

Description of and pointer to an external file containing a still image.

Usage/Remarks

The external file associated with a <graphic> holds a picture, illustration, etc., and is usually some form of binary object. The “content” of the <graphic> element (if any) is not the object itself, but merely information about the object. The external file that contains the object is named by the @xlink:href attribute.
Position
Although the @position attribute of this element may be used to indicate whether this element must be anchored at its exact location within the text or it may float, it is good practice to anchor graphics. All the graphics inside figures, tables, etc., should be anchored as well, although the outer structure (figure, boxed text) may be allowed to float.
Usage
Display component elements, such as <caption>, should always be used at the highest possible level; in other words, if a <graphic> element is inside a <fig> element, the <caption>, <long-desc>, etc., should be part of the <fig>, not part of the <graphic> element. Use a <caption> element (and similar display component elements) on a <graphic> only when the graphic object is not enclosed in any other structure or when a figure contains multiple graphic objects, each of which must have its own <caption>. For similar reasons, the @position attribute should be set to “anchor” for a <graphic> element contained inside a larger display container such as a <fig>.
Related Elements
This Suite contains several elements that describe and point to non-XML material: <graphic>, <inline-graphic>, <media>, <inline-media>, <supplementary-material>, and <inline-supplementary-material>. The elements <graphic> and <inline-graphic> contain a pointer to a still image (such as a photograph, diagram, line drawing, etc.) that is part of the document. The elements <media> and <inline-media> contain a pointer to a non-XML, frequently binary, object (such as a movie, audio clip, dataset, or other non-XML format) that is integral to the document’s content, where  “integral” means that the media object is discussed within (and possibly displayed within) the document; the media object is part of the document.
In contrast, the elements <supplementary-material> and <inline-supplementary-material> are used to describe either XML material (such as figures, tables, and sections) or non-XML material (such as graphics, films, audio clips, datasets, or other material) that are considered to be “additional material” (non-integral) accompanying a document. Like <graphic>, <inline-graphic>, <inline-media>, and <media>, the supplementary material elements never contain the object they describe, even if it is an XML object such as a figure, although they may point to it.
The element <inline-supplementary-material> is used to mark up references to additional material, where the reference appears within the regular flow of the text and does not have a preview image or separate caption. The <supplementary-material> element is used to describe a more complicated reference, where the description of the supplementary object resembles a figure in that it can be positioned as a floating or anchored object and may take a caption.
Best Practice: It is best practice to tag unlabeled graphic objects (no label such as “Figure 4.”) as <graphic>s, not as <fig> elements. A common test to determine whether an object is a <fig> versus a <graphic> is to ask, “If there were a List of Figures for this document, should this object appear in that list?”
Attributes
content-type
hreflang
mime-subtype
mimetype
orientation (default = portrait)
position (default = float)
specific-use

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang

Linking Attributes

xlink:actuate
xlink:href (REQUIRED)
xlink:role
xlink:show
xlink:title
xlink:type

Namespaces

xmlns:xlink
Models and Context
May be contained in
<abstract>, <ack>, <alternatives>, <answer>, <app>, <app-group>, <array>, <bio>, <body>, <book-app-group>, <boxed-text>, <chem-struct>, <chem-struct-wrap>, <disp-formula>, <disp-quote>, <explanation>, <fig>, <fig-group>, <floats-group>, <glossary>, <index>, <index-div>, <index-group>, <license-p>, <named-book-part-body>, <named-content>, <notes>, <option>, <p>, <question>, <question-preamble>, <ref-list>, <sec>, <see>, <see-also>, <see-also-entry>, <see-entry>, <sig>, <sig-block>, <styled-content>, <supplementary-material>, <table-wrap>, <td>, <term>, <th>, <toc>, <toc-div>, <toc-entry>, <toc-group>, <trans-abstract>
Description
Any combination of:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  graphic      %graphic-model;                              >
Expanded Content Model

(alt-text | long-desc | abstract | email | ext-link | uri | caption | legend | attrib | permissions | object-id | label | kwd-group | subj-group | xref)*

Tagged Samples
In <fig> 
... 
<fig id="f1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
 <graphic xlink:href="f1"/>
 <attrib>Brookhaven National Laboratory</attrib>
</fig>
...
... 
<fig id="f8" orientation="portrait" position="float">
 <label>FIG. 8.</label>
 <caption>
  <p>Time difference between events F and A as a function of the 
   length of entering plug for bifurcations B to BXXX, where X stands 
   for 0 or 1.</p>
 </caption>
 <graphic orientation="landscape" xlink:href="f8"/>
</fig>
...
With namespace and @mimetype 
...
<sec id="bid.36">
 <title>Microbial Genomes</title>
 <p>... A CON entry, containing instructions on how to put
  the pieces back together, is also made. The CON entry
  contains descriptor information, such as source organism
  and references, as well as a join statement providing
  explicit instructions on how to generate the complete
  genome from the pieces. The Accession number assigned 
  to the CON record is also added as a secondary Accession
  number on each of the pieces that make up the complete
  genome (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="bid.37">Figure 2</xref>).
  <fig id="bid.37">
   <label>2</label>
   <caption>
    <title>A GenBank CON entry for a complete bacterial 
     genome.</title>
    <p>The information toward the <italic>bottom</italic> of the 
     record describes how to generate the complete genome
     from the pieces.</p>
   </caption>
   <graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
     xlink:href="ch1f2" mimetype="image/jpeg"/>
  </fig>
 </p>
 ...
</sec>
...
With <object-id> and <alt-text> 
...
<sec sec-type="results">
 <title>Results</title>
 <p>We identified 703 abstracts, of which 687 were not
  relevant ... Details of randomisation procedures, treatment 
  schedules, and numbers of patients followed up are given 
  on the <italic>BMJ</italic> website.</p>
 <fig id="F1">
  <caption>
   <title>Deaths among patients receiving day hospital care
    or alternative services.</title>
   <p>Odds ratios of death by end of follow up were calculated by 
    fixed effects model. Heterogeneity between trials is presented 
    as &#x03C7;<sup>2</sup></p>
  </caption>
  <alt-text>Deaths in hospitals or with alternative services</alt-text>
  <graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xlink:href="fors2662.f1">
   <object-id>456472</object-id>
  </graphic>
 </fig>
 ...
</sec>
...
Alternative graphics 
... 
<fig id="f3" position="float">
 <label>FIG. 3.</label>
 <caption>...</caption>
 <alternatives>
  <graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="1.4821168.figures.highres.f3.zip"/>
  <graphic specific-use="online" xlink:href="1.4821168.figures.online.f3.jpg"/>
 </alternatives>
</fig>
...
Multiple graphics in <fig> 
...
<fig id="f1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
 <label>FIG. 1.</label>
 <caption>
  <p>(a) Schematic of the working principles of HFM, (b) a typical application
   scheme for an electric bias in HFM, (c) regulation the conformations and
   dynamics (trapping, concentration, and sudden stretching) of λ-DNA molecules
   in HFM, and (d) schematic of the trapping location regulation (enhanced online).
   [URL: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4762852.1">
   http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4762852.1</ext-link>]
   <alternatives>
    <media id="v1" mime-subtype="avi" mimetype="video" orientation="portrait"
      position="anchor" specific-use="original-format" xlink:href="v1"/>
    <media mime-subtype="mpeg" mimetype="video" orientation="portrait"
      position="anchor" specific-use="archival-format" xlink:href="v1"/>
    <media mime-subtype="x-flv" mimetype="video" orientation="portrait"
      position="anchor" specific-use="online-format" xlink:href="v1"/>
   </alternatives>
  </p>
 </caption>
 <graphic xlink:href="f1"/>
 <graphic id="f1a"  xlink:href="dummy1.png"/>
 <graphic id="f1b"  xlink:href="dummy2.png"/>
 <graphic id="f1c"  xlink:href="dummy3.png"/>
 <graphic id="f1d"  xlink:href="dummy4.png"/>
</fig>
...
In <body> 
... 
<body>
 <graphic specific-use="online" position="anchor" 
   xlink:href="prodbe.int.aip.org:8080/polopoly/polopoly_fs/
   1.2983775.1373315697!/images/1460725790.jpg"/>
 ...
</body>
...
Table cells 
... 
<table frame="box" rules="all" cellpadding="5">
 ...
 <tr valign="bottom">
  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
  <td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4411</td>
  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
   <graphic id="g14" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d14"/></td>
  <td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4411</td>
  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
   <graphic id="g15" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d15"/></td>
  <td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4414</td>
  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
   <graphic id="g16" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d16"/></td>
  <td align="char" char="." charoff="35%" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.4414</td>
  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
   <graphic id="g17" orientation="portrait" position="anchor" xlink:href="d17"/></td>
 </tr>
</table>
...
Related Resources
For a discussion on the use of <graphic>, see Figures and Graphics.