◇◆

<year> Year

Representation, usually numerical, of a calendar year. (The @calendar attribute can be used to indicate which calendar, e.g., Gregorian, Thai Buddha, or Japanese.)

Usage/Remarks

Usage
In addition to being used for the year of publication, the <year> is also used to record “historical” events in the publishing cycle (<pub-history>), for example, the year the document was released as a preprint or last revised.
The <year> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the book or book part, and as part of the description of a cited work inside a bibliographic reference (<element-citation> or <mixed-citation>).

Best Practice

When possible, the year should be expressed as a 4-digit number, for example, “1776”, “1924”, or “2015”.
Related Elements
Within citations (<element-citation> and <mixed-citation>), this element is used to name the date of publication. The elements <year>, <date>, <day>, <month>, and <season> may all be used to describe the date a cited resource was published. Other dates inside a citation, such as a copyright date, the date on which the author accessed the resource, or a withdrawal date, should be tagged using <date-in-citation> with the @content-type attribute used to name the type of date (copyright, access-date, time-stamp, etc.).
Attributes
calendar
content-type
iso-8601-date
specific-use

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang
Models and Context
May be contained in
<conf-date>, <date>, <date-in-citation>, <element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <product>, <pub-date>, <related-article>, <related-object>, <std>, <string-date>
Description
Text, numbers, or special characters
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  year         (#PCDATA)                                    >
Tagged Samples
Book lifecycle date (<pub-history>) 
...
<book-part-meta>
 ...
 <contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author">
   <collab collab-type="committee">Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, 
    Subcommittee SC 2</collab>
  </contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <fpage seq="1">1</fpage>
 <lpage>23</lpage>
 <pub-history>
  <date date-type="approved" iso-8601-date="2012-06-01">
   <day>01</day>
   <month>06</month>
   <year>2012</year>
  </date>
 </pub-history>
 ...
</book-part-meta>
...
Book publication date and lifecycle dates 
...
<book-meta>
 ...
 <pub-date date-type="publication" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="1998-09-17">
  <day>17</day>
  <month>09</month>
  <year>1998</year>
 </pub-date>
 <pub-date date-type="publication" publication-format="print" iso-8601-date="1998-11-09">
  <month>09</month>
  <year>1998</year>
 </pub-date>
 <pub-history>
  <date date-type="received" publication-format="manuscript" iso-8601-date="1998-01-05">
   <day>05</day>
   <month>01</month>
   <year>1998</year>
  </date>
  <date date-type="rev-request" iso-8601-date="1998-03-14">
   <day>14</day>
   <month>03</month>
   <year>1998</year>
  </date>
  <date date-type="rev-received" iso-8601-date="1998-05-24">
   <day>24</day>
   <month>05</month>
   <year>1998</year>
  </date>
  <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="1998-06-06">
   <day>06</day>
   <month>06</month>
   <year>1998</year>
  </date>
 </pub-history>
 ...
</book-meta>
...
In citations
Mixed citation
...
<ref-list>
 ...
 <ref id="B8">
  <label>8</label>
  <mixed-citation>
   <string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>,
   <given-names>W</given-names></string-name>,
   <string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>,
   <given-names>B</given-names></string-name>.
   <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care 
   services for the chronically ill: a randomized 
   experiment</article-title>. <source>Medical Care</source>
   <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>; <volume>18</volume>:
   <fpage>567</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>584</lpage>.
   <pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>.
  </mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 ...
</ref-list>
...
Element citation
...
<ref-list>
 ...
 <ref id="B8">
  <label>8</label>
  <element-citation>
   <person-group person-group-type="author">
    <name><surname>Weissert</surname>
     <given-names>W</given-names></name>
    <name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
     <given-names>B</given-names></name>
   </person-group>
   <article-title>Effects and costs of day-care
    services for the chronically ill: a randomized
    experiment</article-title>
   <source>Medical Care</source>
   <year iso-8601-date="1980">1980</year>
   <volume>18</volume>
   <fpage>567</fpage>
   <lpage>584</lpage>
   <pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
 </ref>
 ...
</ref-list>
...
Date showing a Japanese year 
...
<date date-type="received" calendar="Japanese" 
  iso-8601-date="2013-07-01">
 <day>1</day>
 <month>7</month>
 <year>25</year>
 <era>昭和</era>
</date>
...
Related Resources
For a discussion on the use of <year>, see Dates in Citations.